산업재해 손실비용의 추정을 통한 하인리히의 직・간접비용 비율의 검증
Evaluating the Heinrich Ratio of between Direct and Indirect Costs of Industrial Accidents in South Korea
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 산업재해로 인한 손실 발생 항목을 규정하고 각 항목별 손실액을 추정하여, 안전분야에서 독보적으로 사용되는 재해손실 직⋅간접비용 비율에 관한 하인리히의 주장을 한국 현실에서 검증하는 것이다. 문헌고찰을 통해 재해손실비용을 산출할 수 있는 직⋅간접 손실발생 항목을도출하고 타당도를 검증하여 손실비용 추정모형을 제시하였다. 제조업과 건설업 및 서비스업에서산업재해 발생 기업체의 최근 5년 자료를 사망재해, 중경상재해로 구분하여 추정모형에 대입하여재해손실 직⋅간접비용을 산출하고, 이를 하인리히의 직⋅간접비용 비율과 비교하였다. 연구결과, 사망재해에서 직⋅간접비용의 비율은 1:6.2 이었고, 중경상재해에서 직⋅간접비용의 비율은 1:7.1로하인리히가 제시한 1:4보다 높았다. 본 연구에서 제시한 추정모형은 사망 건당 재해손실비와 중경상사고 건당 재해손실비용의 산출과 사업장 재해손실비용 추정에 활용가능하다.
Abstract
In this study, we identified the costs, both tangible and intangible, that are incurred by workplace accidents in order to estimate the total financial losses. We then verified the Heinrich ratio that was originally derived in the U.S. almost 90 years ago. The Heinrich ratio indicates that the indirect costs of a workplace accident are typically 4 times higher than the direct costs (1:4). Our literature review produces the general estimation model which includes the detailed and comprehensive items on direct and indirect loss from workplace accidents. The latest five-year data on workplace accidents in South Korea were used for various sectors including manufacturing, construction and service industries. The data on both fatal and moderate accidents were collected to calculate the direct and indirect costs of workplace accidents in order to verify the validity of the Heinrich ratio of between direct and indirect costs of industrial accidents in South Korea. The ratio was found as 1:6.2 for fatal accidents and 1:7.2 for moderate accidents, which are higher than the ratio of 1:4, originally suggested by Heinrich. The findings of this study could be actively utilized in the company’s safety management and government policies.
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