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남북한 접경지역과 재난협력 연구 - 동서독 국경위원회의 접경지역 재난협력을 중심으로 -

A Study on the Border Areas of North and South Korea - Focusing on the Disaster Cooperation in the Border Area of East and West Germany -

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초록

본 연구는 남북한 접경지역에서의 재난협력 모색을 위해서 Martinez의 접경이론 관점에서 동서독국경위원회 사례를 분석하였고, 한반도에서의 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. Martinez의 접경이론에서 보면, 동서독 접경지역은 ‘소외국경지대’에서 ‘공존국경지대’로 점차 변화하였고, 다시금 ‘상호의존적 국경지대’로 발전하였다. 최종적으로는 독일통일을 통하여 ‘통합지대’로 변모하였다. 이에 비해 한반도 접경지대는 진전과 후퇴를 거듭해오면서 교류와 단절을 병행해 오고 있다. 8·15해방 직후부터 6·25전쟁 전까지는 어느 정도 국경이 개방되었던 ‘공존국경지대’였으나, 한국전쟁의 발발과함께 오랜 기간 ‘소외국경지대’로 존재했었다. 이후 1998년 금강산관광을 계기로 접경지대가 서서히‘준(準)공존국경지대’로 변화하기 시작하였다. ‘남북공동연락사무소’가 2018년 9월 개소되면서 접경지대가 부분적으로 열렸지만, 2020년 6월 ‘사무소’가 폭파되면서 접경지대는 다시 완전한 폐쇄지대가 되었다. 어떻게 보면 접경지역 변화는 분단국 관계를 이해하는데 있어서 리트머스지와 같다고볼 수 있다.

Abstract

This study analyzes the case of East-West German Border Commission from Martinez’s border theory in order to draw some implications of inter-Korean disaster cooperation in the border region. From Martinez’s theory, the border area of East and West Germany gradually changed from an ‘alienated border zone’ to ‘coexistence border zone’ and further developed into an ‘interdependent border zone.’ Finally, it was transformed into an ‘integration zone’ through German unification. On the other hand, the inter-Korean border area has been up and down through connection disconnection. It was a ‘coexistence border zone’ where the border was opened shortly after the liberation of August 15, 1945 until the beginning of the Korean War, but it became an ‘alienated border zone’ for a long time with the outbreak of the Korean War. The border area gradually began to change into a ‘semi-coexistence border zone’ in 1998 with the tourism of Mt. Geumgang. The border area was partially and temporarily reopened as the Inter-Korean Joint Liaison Office was built at the Kaesong Industrial Complex in September 2018, but it was closed again as the office was blown up in June 2020.

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