몽골 울란바토르 시 대기오염 위기관리 방안 - 울란바토르 시 게르 지역을 중심으로 -
Managing the Air Pollution Crisis of Ulaanbaatar City - The Ger Area of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia -
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초록
본 연구는 울란바토르 시의 대기오염과 발생원인을 분석하고, 대기오염 위기관리 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 주요 위기관리 방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 울란바토르 시의 게르지역에서 사용하는난방용 연료와 화력발전소에서 사용하는 연료를 마세크탄과 무연탄으로 개발하는 것이 필요하다. 이는 연탄 사용 시 석탄과 비교하면, 연탄 자체의 매연 발생이 적고, 연소시간 연장으로 인해 연료사용량도 줄어들 것이기 때문이다. 둘째, 게르지역 가정의 난방설비를 한국형 ‘온돌’ 방식으로 교체하는 방안을 도입하는 것이 바람직하다. 이는 게르에서 생활하는 한 가구가 1년 동안 40~60만 MNT 석탄을 사용하고 있는데, 게르 난방을 한국형 온돌 방식으로 설치하면 가계비용을 2배 정도 절약할뿐만 아니라 경제와 건강 보호도 가능하다. 셋째, 울란바토르 시에 있는 자동차의 연료 개선을 통해오염물질을 감소시키는 것이 가능하다. 울란바토르 시 자동차의 80%가 벤젠을 사용하는데, 벤젠은NO2, CO, CO2, CFC, 납 등 대기오염 물질을 유발하기 때문이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze air pollution in Ulaanbaatar and its causes, and to suggest a crisis management plan for air pollution improvement. Crisis management measures to improve air pollution in the ger region are as follows. First, it is necessary to develop the fuel for heating used in the ger region of Ulaanbaatar and the fuel used in thermal power plants into macektan and anthracite. Compressed fuel emits less soot and burns longer, resulting in lower fuel consumption. Second, it is desirable to introduce a method of replacing the heating system of households in the ger region with the Korean-style ‘floor heating’ method. A household living in a ger consumes 400,000 MNT of coal per year, and installing the ger heating using the Korean-style floor heating method not only saves household costs twice as much, but also protects the economy and health. Third, it is possible to reduce pollutants through fuel improvement in automobiles in Ulaanbaatar City. 80% of vehicles in Ulaanbaatar use benzene, because benzene causes air pollutants such as NO2, CO, CO2, CFC, and lead.
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