과학기술이 경찰활동에 미친 변화와 그 시사점
Technology and Its Effect on Policing in South Korea
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본 연구에서는 기존의 실증연구와 사례를 중심으로 최근의 다양한 과학기술 및 정보기술의 발전에 따른 경찰활동의 변화와 그 방향에 대해 살펴보았다. 과학기술로 인한 시민 생활의 변화는 주거침입절도나 여성 상대 범죄의 증가, 사이버범죄 등과 같은 새로운 치안 수요를 발생시키며 경찰 활동에 영향을 미쳤으나, 다른 한편으로는 경찰이 능동적으로 과학기술을 활용하게 되면서 시민 대상 치안 서비스 제공이나 범죄 예방 및 검거 활동 방식에도 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 주지할 것은 과학기술의 발전은 경찰행정이나 서비스 제공에 있어서 효율성과 효과성을 극대화할 수 있는 축복임과 동시에 여러 가지 난관과 도전을 통해 극복해야 할 대상이라는 점이다. 경찰은 과학기술의 발전으로 인한 사회의 변화를 꾸준히 관찰․분석하며, 경찰이 활용 가능한 과학기술에 대한 시장조사, 조직 내부 구성원에 대한 설득과 체계적 훈련, 그리고 현장 활용을 위한 지원 등 조직적인 뒷받침도 필요할 것이다. 장기적으로는 과학기술 연구와 발전을 위한 별도의 조직을 마련하여 체계적인 연구를 바탕으로 과학기술의 도입, 활용, 영향평가 전반을 아우르는 시스템 마련이 요구된다.
Abstract
Technological developments have changed how police officers and organizations behave as well as how citizens interact with them. That is, police have changed the way of delivering police service to people by introducing diverse technological devices and analytical skills. Also, police have utilized technology in preventing and combating crimes on the street, including driverless vehicles, drones, CCTVs, body cameras, GIS and other data analysis techniques. This paper takes stock on the technological developments and their effects on policing in South Korea since the 20th century. Police have benefited from using some developments in technology but they are also faced with numerous challenges. There has also been a concern for the protection of individual privacy due to sensitive data collected by the police. We suggest that police invest more resources on examining the effect of emerging technologies on the organizations, including training and support for officers. Also, police leaders have to persuade officers on the strengths and weaknesses of the technologies they plan to introduce in daily policing activities. In the long term, an independent agency (or office) solely responsible for research and development of police technology should be created to examine how technological developments affect the society and police agencies.
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