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바디캠 도입 및 활용에 대한 고찰: 미국의 바디캠 정책에 대한 논의를 중심으로

A Study on Body-Worn Camera Implementation: Focusing on the Body-Worn Camera Policies of the U.S. Local Police Departments

정제용|표선영
치안정책연구소 (Police Science Institute)|2020.09|치안정책연구 (The Journal of Police Policies)|제34권 제3호|pp. 199-244|DOI 10.35147/knpsi.2020.34.3.199

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키워드

바디캠웨어러블 폴리스캠미국 바디캠 정책바디캠 정책 효과성바디캠에 대한 인식Body-worn cameraswearable policecamdepartmental policies of body-worn cameraspolicy effectiveness of body-worn camera implementationperceptions toward body-worn cameras

초록

최근 경찰 신체부착형 카메라(바디캠)가 경찰활동의 투명성 및 책임성 제고를 위한 주요한 수단 중 하나로서 주목받고 있다. 영미 국가의 많은 경찰기관들은 바디캠을 경찰활동의 공식적 도구로 도입하여 사용 중이며, 이에 따라 바디캠의 효과성을 측정하는 연구들도 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 그러나 이러한 연구들은 바디캠이 경찰 및 시민의 행위 변화나 경찰-시민간의 관계 개선 등에 미치는 긍정적 효과에 대해 일관적이지 못한 결론을 제시한 상태이며, 이는 국내에서 경찰 바디캠의 공식적 도입 여부에 신중을 기해야 한다는 함축점을 제시한다. 경찰의 바디캠 도입의 필요성을 판단하기 위해서는 바디캠의 효과성이나 바디캠에 대한 이해관계자 그룹의 인식 등에 대한 경험적 증거들이 축적되어야 하지만, 국내 학계에서는 아직까지 바디캠에 대한 경험적 연구가 거의 실시되지 않고 있다. 경찰이 바디캠을 공식 도입하기로 결정하는 경우에는, 바디캠의 시행 및 관리와 관련된 구체적 가이드라인이 마련되어야 하나 이에 도움을 줄 수 있는 정책자료도 부족한 상황이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 바디캠에 대해 외국에서 수행된 경험적 연구결과들을 분석하여, 국내에서 수행되어야 하는 바디캠 관련 주요 연구 질문들을 도출하였다. 또한, 미국의 주요 경찰서에서 도입된 바디캠 관련 내부 지침에 대한 분석을 바탕으로, 국내에서 바디캠 시행의 가이드라인 마련 시에 고려되어야 하는 사항에 대해 제언하였다.

Abstract

Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have received a great attention as a tool to improve transparency and accountability of the police organization. Many Western countries including the U.S. and U.K. are actively using BWCs, and much research have been devoted to investigating the effectiveness of BWCs in these countries. However, the findings from the previous studies on the effectiveness of BWC implementation on the improvement of police-citizen relationship is inconsistent, which gives Korean police force the implication that the official expansion of the current BWC pilot program should be determined by careful research. However, few empirical research has been conducted in Korea regarding the effectiveness of BWC implementation and the perception of police officers and the citizens toward BWCs. In addition, since diverse legal and social issues can arise from using BWCs in policing, such as privacy concerns and the protection of government obtained personal data, active discussion on designing internal policy or the guideline that regulate officers’ use of BWCs and management of BWC footage is necessary before the official implementation of BWCs. Given these, the current study first analyzes the literature on BWCs and suggests the important research questions that should be empirically examined in Korean context. This study further examines sample BWC policies introduced by several U.S. police agencies and suggests important policy elements that should be considered in designing departmental policy on BWCs in Korea.

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