풀뿌리자치를 위한 읍·면자치의 도입 방안

Abstract

The most important experience of self-government begins with grassroots autonomy in the living spaces of residents. Through grassroots autonomy, residents experience self-determination and selfresponsibility, and feel their responsibility as residents. The self-governing spirit and experience of self-government formed through this experience of self-government spreads to regional and national political units. Grassroots autonomy is the root and driving force of democracy in all other units. Korea also had a tradition of grassroots self-government, eup/myeon self-government, but it was suspended by the military government in 1961 and abolished through the revision of the Local Autonomy Act in 1988. Since 1999, the government has introduced so-called ‘resident autonomy’ in order to dispel criticism from academia and civil society about the disappearance of grassroots autonomy. The government is attempting to legislate such ‘resident autonomy’ by including it in the Local Autonomy Act. This thesis critically examines the tradition and suffering process of grassroots autonomy and seeks ways to introduce grassroots autonomy at the level of advanced countries. In this paper, in Chapter 2, we intend to establish an analytical framework for this study by reviewing previous studies on grassroots autonomy. Chapter 3 analyzes the experience of implementing grassroots autonomy at the eup and myeon level, and the process of the government introducing a modified and distorted system of ‘resident autonomy’ in the absence of interruption and grassroots autonomy. Chapter 4 evaluates the operational status of resident autonomy in terms of i) the subject, ii) the target, and iii) the self-determination and responsibility. Chapter 5 presents a plan for realizing grassroots autonomy at the level of advanced countries. The implementing unit of grassroots autonomy is Eup/Myeon, and the Eup/Myeon is recognized as a local government. The affairs of local governments are regulated according to the principle of subsidiarity and full authority. We propose a plan to allow the local assembly to be chosen as the decision-making body instead of the local council as an autonomous body, and to allow the executive body to consist of a consensus system of 5-7 members to prevent power concentration and abuse of power. However, since the constitution requires that there be a local council, it is proposed to temporarily establish a local council until the constitution is amended and exceptions are recognized. Eup/Myeon tax is proposed to ensure the financial base and fiscal responsibility of Eup/Myeon. It is suggested that the Local Autonomy Act stipulates the general principle, and the rest be determined by the charter and ordinance of the eup/myeon