An Analysis on the Emergence of Anti-Multiculturalism: A Case Study of Online and Offline Mobilization
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Korea has been regarded as one of the most homogeneous societies in the world and it has developed the foreign worker policies only recently. With the growing number of foreign workers and descendants of marriage migrant women, multiculturalism became the most popular theme of immigration and foreign worker policies. However, with the short experience of multiculturalism and the long history of ethnic homogeneity, anti-foreign sentiment or anti-multiculturalism has emerged. It can be even exacerbated by the growing number of crimes committed by foreigners and the poor economic situation. Especially, with the high percentage of internet usage, the rumors of anti-multiculturalism spread quickly through internet. There are also several organizations mobilizing anti-multiculturalism in the Korean society. They even try to exert pressure on politicians urging to retreat from multiculturalism. This article tries to reveal why anti-multiculturalism emerged and how it has been formed in the Korean society. In addition, reviewing several European countries’ experiences of anti-multiculturalism or anti-foreign sentiment, it hopes to suggest policy recommendations to prevent the growth of xenophobia and to promote the development of sound multiculturalism in Korea.
Abstract
Korea has been regarded as one of the most homogeneous societies in the world and it has developed the foreign worker policies only recently. With the growing number of foreign workers and descendants of marriage migrant women, multiculturalism became the most popular theme of immigration and foreign worker policies. However, with the short experience of multiculturalism and the long history of ethnic homogeneity, anti-foreign sentiment or anti-multiculturalism has emerged. It can be even exacerbated by the growing number of crimes committed by foreigners and the poor economic situation. Especially, with the high percentage of internet usage, the rumors of anti-multiculturalism spread quickly through internet. There are also several organizations mobilizing anti-multiculturalism in the Korean society. They even try to exert pressure on politicians urging to retreat from multiculturalism. This article tries to reveal why anti-multiculturalism emerged and how it has been formed in the Korean society. In addition, reviewing several European countries’ experiences of anti-multiculturalism or anti-foreign sentiment, it hopes to suggest policy recommendations to prevent the growth of xenophobia and to promote the development of sound multiculturalism in Korea.
참고문헌 (56)
- 최영신, "외국인의 불법체류와 외국인범죄", 형사정책연구, 18(3), pp.1319~1340 (2007), 한국형사정책연구원
- Balibar, Etienne, "Race, Nation, Class" (1991), Verso
- Barry, Brian, "Culture and Equality" (2001), Harvard University Press
- Bevan, Vaughn, "The Development of British Immigration Law" (1986), Croom Helm
- Bourbeau, Philippe, "The Securitization of Migration: A Study of Movement and Order" (2011), Routledge
- Bourne, Jenny, "In Defense of Multiculturalism" (2007), Institute of Race Relations
- Buzan, Barry, "On Security" (1995), Columbia University Press
- Cornelius, Wayne A., "Controlling Immigration: Global Perspective" (1994), Stanford University Press
- Doty, Roxanne Lynn, "Immigration and the Politics of Security", Security Studies, 8(2, pp.3) (2000), 71~93
- Doty, Roxanne Lynn, "Anti-Immigrantism in Western Democracies" (2003), Routledge
- Eisenberg, Jack, "From Neo-Enlightenment to Nihonkinron: The Politics of Anti-Multiculturalism in Japan and the Netherlands", Macalester International, 22 (2009)
- Fetzer, Joel, "Public Attitudes toward Immigration in the United States, France, and Germany" (2000), Cambridge University Press
- Fleras, Augie, "The Politics of Multiculturalism" (2009), Palgrave Macmillan
- Geddes, Andrew, "The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe" (2003), Sage Publications
- Huat, Chua Beng, "Multiculturalism in Asia" (2005), Oxford University Press
- Huntington, Samuel, "Hispanic Challenge", Foreign Policy (2004)
- Huysmans, Jef, "The Question of the Limit: Desecuritization and the Aesthetics of Horror in Political Realism", Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 27(3) (1998)
- Huysmans, Jef, "The European Union and the Securitization of Migration", Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(5), pp.569~589 (2000)
- Huysmans, Jef, "The Politics of Insecurity: Fear, Migration and Asylum in the EU" (2006), Routledge
- Ibrahim, Maggie, "The Securitization of Migration: A Racial Discourse", International Migration, 43(5) (2005)
- Katzenstein, Peter, "Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan" (1996), Cornell University Press
- Kaya, Ayhan, "Securitization of Migration in the West and Integration of Migrants", Paper prepared for Istanbul Kultur University Conference on (2007)
- Krause, Keith, "Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases" (1997), University of Minnesota Press
- Kymlicka, Will, "Multicultural Questions" (1999), Oxford University Press
- Kymlicka, Will, "Immigration, Multiculturalism, and the Welfare State", Ethics & International Affairs, 20(3) (2006)
- Laden, Anthony, "Multiculturalism and Political Theory" (2007), Cambridge University Press
- Lee, Byungha, "International human rights norms and immigration policy in Korea and Japan", Gender and Equality and Multicultural Conviviality in the Age of Globalization(GEMC) Journal, 8 (2012)
- Levy, Jacob., "The Multiculturalism of Fear" (2000), Oxford University Press
- Lim, Timothy, "The changing face of South Korea: the emergence of Korea as a land of immigration", The Korea Society Quarterly, 4(2, pp.3) (2003), 16~21
- Lim, Timothy, "What is a Korean? The challenge and prospects of ‘multiculturalism’ in Korea", Korean Quarterly, (Fall) (2007)
- Meyers, Eytan, "Theories of International Immigration Policy – A Comparative Analysis", International Migration Review, 34(4) (2000)
- Nye, Malory, "The Challenges of Multiculturalism", Culture and Religion, 8(2) (2006)
- Piore, Michael J., "Birds of Passage" (1979), Cambridge University Press
- Putnam, Robert, "E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century", Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2) (2007)
- Rattansi, Ali, "Multiculturalism: A Very Short Introduction" (2011), Oxford University Press
- Rudolph, Christopher, "Globalization and Security: Migration and Evolving Conceptions of Security in Statecraft and Scholarship", Security Studies, 13(1), pp.1~32 (2003)
- Varadarajan, Latha, "Constructivism, Identity and Neoliberal (in)security", Review of International Studies, 30, pp.319~341 (2004)
- Vertovec, Steven, "The Multiculturalism Backlash" (2010), Routledge
- Wallerstein, Immanuel, "The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century" (1974), Academic Press
- Weiner, Myron, "International Migration and Security" (1993), Westview Press
- Wolfers, Arnold, "Discord and Collaboration" (1962), Johns Hopkins University Press
- "아시아코레스폰던트"[URL]
- "한겨례신문 영문판"[URL]
- "NPR"[URL]
- "서프라이즈"[URL]
- "텔레그라프"[URL]
- "월스트리트저널"[URL]
- "국민일보", ~ (2011)
- "동아일보 영문판", ~ (2008)
- "중앙일보", ~ (2012)
- "코리아타임즈", ~ (2011)
- "코리아타임즈", ~ (2011)
- "코리아타임즈", ~ (2011)
- "코리아타임즈", ~ (2012)
- "코리아헤럴드", ~ (2006)
- "코리아헤럴드", ~ (2012)
