특별경제구역이 외국인투자기업의 입지에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구
Impact of Special Economic Zones on the location choice of foreign direct investments
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본 연구는 특별경제구역이 국내 유입 외국인투자기업의 입지선택에 미치는 효과를 광역시도 단위에서 실증적으로 분석하였다. 선행 연구 검토를 통해 아시아 및 신흥경제국에서 특징적으로 시행하고 있는 특별경제구역의 이론적 배경을확인하고, 최근 12년간(2006~2017) 동안 국내에 신고된 신규 외국인투자기업 7,354개를 대상으로 패널 음이항회귀분석을 한 결과에 따르면, 국내 특별경제구역 중 경제자유구역과 외국인투자지역은 광역시도의 외국인투자기업의 입지선택에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 그러나 자유무역지역은 유의하지 않은 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구는 특별경제구역과 국내기업의 집적도의 상호작용 효과를 분석한 결과, 경제자유구역은 제도의 독립적 효과는 없으나 국내기업이 밀집해있는 경우 신규 외국인투자기업이 입지할 확률을 높이는 것을 발견했다. 반면에 외국인투자지역은 상대적으로 기업의 밀집도가 낮은 지역에서도 외국인투자기업의 지역 내 유입을 증가시키는 효과를 가지고 있음을 확인했다.
Abstract
This paper empirically analyze how Special Economic Zones(SEZs) influence foreign direct investment(FDI) location choices within Korea. Employing a panel negative binomial regression model(NBRM), this article evaluates the effects of the SEZs on the number of new FDI firms registered during the period 2006-2017, at the metropolitan level. The locational factors investigated in here comprise the SEZs(Economic Free Zone, Free Trade Zone, Foreign Investment Zones) and agglomeration effect(domestic firm density, FDI density) and pure economic factor(GRDP). The empirical results show that Economic Free Zones (EFZs) and Foreign Investment Zones(FIZs) to be positively related to location choice for FDI firms. We also find that agglomeration effects have a significant influence on the impact of both types of SEZs. While the impact of EFZs is greatly dependent on the agglomeration of domestic firms, FISs still play a significant role in attracting FDI without agglomeration effects.
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