제주4⋅3의 진압과정과 선무공작의 전개 양상

Abstract

This article concentrated on looking into placation maneuver unfolded by punitive expedition of the military and police to suppress Jeju April 3rd incident. The military and police implemented placation maneuver as a portion of suppression operations with scorched earth policy from the early period, but it was not successful. Accordingly, the military and police authorities tried to employ operations by combining the placation maneuver more aggressively in the situation where popular disaffection was accelerated and reelection of June 23, 1948 was indefinitely delayed. Measures against Jeju April 3rd incident announced by Jo Byeong Ok, chief of the Police on July 23, 1948 were meaningful as a specific plan to strengthen the placation maneuver. After the establishment of the ROK government, the placation maneuver became specific and diverse with strong suppression operations. Firstly, a joint placation team organized with military, officials and civilians traveled across Jeju island to carry out enlightening activities for locals by holding lecture on the current issues and discussion meeting. Secondly, locals of mountain village were relocated to the seashore village to ‘separate guerrilla from civilian’ and construction of strategic village was begun. Thirdly, BOGAP system was enforced for the purpose of watching locals. At the beginning of 1949, the placation maneuver was strengthened and the Jeju Island District Combat Command was established and suppression operations were implemented. As a result, effect of placation maneuver began to be shown up prominently. It is remarkable that the number of surrenders increased considerably by the time of reelection on May 10, 1949.