건강한 사회 만들기: 벤자민 스팍의 육아법과 인종
Missing 'Race' in Benjamin Spock's Child-rearing Advice
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참고문헌
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초록
관대한 육아의 대명사였던 벤자민 스팍은 2차 세계대전 후 미국 사회를 더욱 안전하고 민주주의적인 사회로 만들려는 그의 이상을 그의 유명한 육아서 『육아상식』에서 잘 드러내고 있다. 그의 탈권위적이고 친근한 방식은 많은 엄마들에게 환영을 받지만 그의 육아서가 모든 엄마들에게 도움이 되었던 것은 아니었다. 그의 조언과 생각들은 그의 이미지를 고려하면 너무나 당연하게 다른 집단과의 공존을 전제한다고 생각하기 쉽지만, 실제 『육아상식』을 읽고 도움을 받을 수 있는 엄마들은 교외 지역에 거주하는 중산층 백인인 경우가 많았다. 실제 많은 아프리카계 흑인 엄마들은 이들과는 달리 도시에 거주하며, 직업이 있는 경우가 많았고, 백인 가정에 비해 상대적으로 많은 아이들을 키우고 있었기 때문에 스팍이 설파한 인내심을 가지고 아이를 관찰하고 엄마로서 스스로에 대해 성찰할 수 있는 조건을 갖지 못한 사람들이 많았다. 이 글에서는 벤자민 스팍의 육아 조언이 인종의 관점에서 어떤 문제를 내재하고 있는지를 살펴본다. 그가 전하고 있는 핵심적인 내용인 자발적인 통제를 통한 민주주의 사회 구현이라는 이상 속에 인종적 측면을 얼마나 그리고 어떻게 고려했는지에 대해 고찰한다.
Abstract
This paper deals with race issues in the realm of child-rearing in the mid-twentieth century America, with a special attention to Benjamin Spock's The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care and his advice. A beloved baby doctor, Benjamin Spock was one of the prominent liberal activists during the time. He explicitly advocated the student protest movements and civil rights movements as well. Doing so, Spock was perceived as liberal, embracing non-discriminatory efforts. However, after 1960s, Spock was criticized by those who thought that his ideas inevitably excluded certain groups of mothers. Thus, this paper examines whether there is the issue of race--and class--excluded from Spock's ideas and advice and what aspects Spock overlooked.
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