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일대일 스캐폴딩 기반 글쓰기 수업 설계와 효과 분석 -온라인 학습 환경을 중심으로

A Case Study on the Development of One-to-one Scaffolding-Based Writing Class -Focusing on the Online Learning Environment

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주제분류학제간연구

초록

이 연구의 목적은 일대일 스캐폴딩을 기초로 ≪논리적 사고와 글쓰기≫을 수업을 설계하여 실제진행된 수업 사례를 제시하고 그 교육적 효과를 확인하는 것이다. 스캐폴딩은 교수자 또는 유능한동료가 제공하는 일시적, 시의적절한 도움으로, 다양한 어려움을 피할 수 없는 글쓰기 수업, 그리고온라인 수업 환경에서 더욱 필요한 교수 전략 중 하나이다. 따라서 다양한 변인을 고려한 스캐폴딩의개발이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 과정중심 글쓰기 접근에서 글쓰기 단계를 4단계(주제 탐색과 선정, 내용 구상과 조직화, 내용 생성(1), 내용 생성(2))로 나누고, 단계별로 효과적인 스캐폴딩(설명제공형, 단서제공형)을 개발하여, 이를 일대일 방식으로 제공하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습전이의도가 4가지 유관 변인보다 높은 것으로 나타났고, 둘째, 학습전이 의도, 학습동기, 효능감, 학습실재감, 학습만족도는 뚜렷한 정적상관이 있으며, 셋째, 4가지 변인이 학습전이 의도의 38%를 예측하는 변인으로 나타났다. 이중 학습만족도의 기여도가 가장 컸다. 넷째, 수업 내용 관련 설문을 분석한 결과, 일대일스캐폴딩은 소논문 작성에 유용하고, 글쓰기 단계 이해와 방향 설정에 도움이 되며, 스캐폴딩 제공방식, 횟수, 스캐폴딩 내용 등에 대한 긍정적 반응이 확인되었다. 이 연구 결과를 기초로 글쓰기 단계별스캐폴딩 유형의 개발, 보다 심도있는 효과 분석의 필요성을 제안하였다.

Abstract

This study aims to design a class for ≪Logical Thinking and Writing≫ based on one-to-one scaffolding, not only to present the actual case, but to confirm its educational effectiveness as well. Scaffolding is in-time support provided by a teacher/tutor or competent peer that allows students to meaningfully gain skills at problem solving. Also, it is one of the more necessary teaching strategies in a writing class as well as in an online class environment, where various difficulties cannot be avoided. Thus, it is necessary to develop scaffolding considering these diverse variables. In this study, the writing process was divided into 4 stages: 1) topic search and selection, 2) content design and organization, 3) content creation (1), and 4) content creation (2), all using a process-based writing approach. After this, we developed effective scaffolding based on the ‘explanation offering type’ and the ‘cue offering type.’ Finally, one-to-one scaffolding was provided. Our findings show that firstly, the learning transfer intention was found to be higher than the four related variables. Secondly, the learning transfer intention, learning motivation, efficacy, learning presence, and learning satisfaction had a clear positive correlation. Thirdly, 38% of the learning transfer intention was explained by the four variables. Among them, the contribution of learning satisfaction was the largest. Fourthly, as a result of analyzing the questionnaire related to the contents of the class, one-to-one scaffolding is useful for the following aspects: writing a short thesis, the better understanding of the writing process, and setting the direction of that process. Also, positive responses to the method used in providing scaffolding, the very times that it was provided, and the contents of the scaffolding, were confirmed. Based on these findings, the need for developing scaffolding types for each writing process was discussed. Furthermore, a more in-depth analysis related to the effects of scaffolding was suggested.

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