재미한인의 여가, 그들의 민족정체성
Korean Americans" Leisure and Their Ethnic Identity
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이 연구는 재미한인의 여가 개념 인식, 주요 여가동반자의 민족 유형, 및 여가생활 경험을 살펴보고 여가생활 경험이 민족정체성 형성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이민 1세대와 1.5세대 재미한인 총 21명에 대한 심층인터뷰 결과, 여가 개념 인식은 기존 문헌에서 나타난 여가 개념과 비슷하였으나 여가를 아메리칸 드림의 상징으로 보는 경향이 강하게 나타났다. 응답자들의 이민 당시 연령, 영어숙련도, 거주 기간에 따라 여가동반자의 민족 유형과 여가생활 경험이 다르게 나타났으며 이에 따라 민족정체성 유형도 다르게 나타났다. 이민 연령이 높고 영어 숙련도가 낮고 거주기간이 짧을수록 응답자의 여가동반자는 주로 재미 한인이었으며, 재외동포 정체성(Diasporic ethnic identity) 유형으로 나타났다. 이민 연령이 낮고 영어 숙련도가 높고 거주기간이 길수록 여가동반자의 민족유형은 다양하였으며, 이들은 미국사회 내의 소수민족정체성(American ethnic identity)을 발전시켰다. 여가생활의 장(leisure space)에서 접촉하는 여가동반자의 민족 유형이 다양해질 때 미국사회에 구성원이라는 소속감을 가지고 정착하고 있었다. 따라서 이민자가 거주국 사회 구성원으로서 느끼고 정착하는 과정에서 여가생활이 미치는 영향력이 크게 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the experiential nature and meaning of leisure in the daily lives of Korean Americans, to investigate the process of development of ethnic identity among Korean immigrants; and to explore the extended role and nature of leisure by looking at the roles it played in the adaptation process after their immigration. The in-depth interviews with 21 Korean Americans showed that although all immigrants knew the English term "leisure," most of the 1st generation participants used the Korean term "yeo-gah" instead. In general, the understanding of the term "yeo-gah"among the participants was quite similar to the notions of "leisure," as defined in Western literature. The number of American ethnic groups of leisure companions and the type of ethnic identity interviewees developed were dependent on their age when they immigrated, the length of exposure to the American society, and the English language proficiency. The more diverse ethnic groups the interviewees" leisure companions were, the more they regarded themselves as a Korean American which is one of American ethnic groups, while the interaction with other American ethnic groups in work places appeared not to influence the type of ethnic identity the interviewees developed. In this regard, leisure engagements played significant roles in the adaptation to the host society and in the development their ethic identity.
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