강감찬 전승의 지향과 그 의미 - 탄생담과 퇴치담을 중심으로

Abstract

Story of Gang Gamchan, a fictional story, is transmitted in the form of literary transmission, oral transmission, and ancient novel, mainly with the story of birth and eradication. In case of literary transmission, story of Gang Gamchan’s birth was firstly mentioned in 『Bohanjib』. Later, the story was included in the historical books such as 『Goryeosa』, 『Goryeosajeolyo』, etc. Later, the story of eradication of Hohwan(虎患) settled down in the books as 『Yongjaechonghwa』, 『Haedong Ijeok』, etc. Literary transmission appears this way, by reproducing the actual history(實史), expressing the will to overcome the national crisis based on the story of the birth of a noble hero. Oral transmission includes various stories, such as a story that a fox gave birth to Gang Gamchan, a story of saving bridegroom(bride), a story of eradication of Hohwan by winning a betting janggi(baduk), frog herd that troubled the people, eradication of a swarm of mosquitoes, the sound of water, lightning, the king of the underworld, etc. Oral transmission appears by creating such fiction, expressing the potentiality of lower class people by embodying Gang Gamchan as the hero of the earth. Also, the stories embody Gang Gamchan as a hero who solve daily problems of lower class people. In case of the ancient novel, there was a will to accept the historical fact by describing the content of literary transmission 『Goryeosa』 「Yeoljeon」 as it is, also, to give reality to unrealistic story. Significance of the story of Gang Gamchan is as follows. First, the heavenly hero displayed in the literary transmission changed to the popular hero in the oral transmission. Here, the cheerful cognition of oral transmitters beyond the stiff historical cognition could be viewed. Second, in case of oral transmission, Gang Gamchan was embodied as the troubleshooting hero, changed from the great commander of national crisis. Lower class people intended to discover a realistic hero to save them out of Gang Gamchan’s national salvation activities. Third, when there was any historical crisis, story of Gang Gamchan changed again to the hero of national salvation from popular hero. Because the original hero image of Gang Gamchan, overcome of national crisis, was required rather than troubleshooting hero for the disaster of lower class people, in case of historical crisis. This way, the story of Gang Gamchan was to respond to the wish of the lower class people as the troubleshooter for their disaster during the peaceful period, while in a time of crisis, in order to reinforce the will to overcome the national crisis by recovering the image of war hero to overcome the national crisis.