본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

짧은 자비명상과 마음챙김명상의 차별적 효과: 이타성의 범주에 따른 비교

Differential Effects of Brief Loving-Kindness & Compassion Meditation and Mindfulness Meditation: Comparison by Category of Altruism

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

본 연구는 자비명상과 마음챙김명상의 이타적 효과가 이타성의 범주에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 검증하고자 하였다. 먼저 행동 동기가 포함됐는지의 여부에 따라 이타성을 이타심과 이타행동으로 나누었고, 추가적으로 이타성에 대한 암묵적 측정치를 포함하였다. 가외변인의 영향력을 통제하기 위해 실험실 장면에서 진행하였고, 총 71명의 참가자들이 자비명상 집단, 마음챙김명상 집단, 통제집단에 할당되어 짧은 처치를 받았다. 분석 결과, 이타심을 측정하기 위해 사용한 감정온도와 동정심에서는 집단 간 차이가 유의하지 않았고, 이타행동을 측정하기 위해 사용했던 도움의도에서 집단 간 차이가 유의하였다. 사후분석 결과 마음챙김명상 집단보다 자비명상 집단에서 도움의도가 더 높은 경향성이 나타났다. 다른 이타행동 측정치인 금전기부와 물품기부에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 암묵적 이타성을 측정하기 위해 사용한 IAT에서는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타났는데, 사후분석 결과 자비명상 집단과 통제집단 간 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 유의미한 결과가 나타난 도움의도 및 IAT 결과의 효과크기를 계산해본 결과 도움의도는 작은 효과크기, IAT에서는 중간 정도의 효과크기가 나타났다. 본 연구는 마음챙김명상의 제한적인 이타적 효과와 함께 자비명상의 차별적인 효과성을 밝힌 초기 연구로서 의의가 있다고 여겨진다. 추가적으로 연구 결과에 대한 구체적인 논의 및 한계점에 대해 다루었다.

Abstract

This study tried to verify that the altruistic effect of compassion and mindfulness meditation can vary according to the category of altruism. First, altruism was divided into altruism and altruistic behavior according to whether or not the behavioral motive was included, and an implicit measure of altruism was additionally included. In order to control the influence of extraneous variables, the experiment was conducted in a laboratory setting, and a total of 71 participants were assigned to a compassionate meditation group, a mindfulness meditation group, and a control group. As a result of the analysis, there was no significant difference between groups in emotional temperature and compassion used to measure altruism, and the difference between groups in help intention used to measure altruistic behavior was significant. As a result of the post-hoc analysis, it was found that the intention to help was higher in the compassionate meditation group than in the mindfulness meditation group. There was no significant difference in other measures of altruistic behavior, such as money and goods donation. Also, there was a significant difference between groups in the IAT used to measure implicit altruism, and as a result of post-hoc analysis, there was a significant difference between the compassion meditation group and the control group. As a result of calculating the effect size of the intention to help and the IAT result, which showed a significant result, the effect size of the help intention was small, and the effect size was medium in the IAT. This study is considered to be significant as an early study that revealed the differential effectiveness of compassionate meditation along with the limited altruistic effects of mindfulness meditation. In addition, detailed discussions and limitations of the study results were dealt with.

참고문헌 (81)

  1. 김완석, "아주 연민사랑척도 개발 : Sprecher 와 Fehr 의 Compassionate Love Scale 의 한국판 단축형", 한국심리학회지 : 건강, 19(1), pp.407~420 (2014)
  2. 김완석, "자비명상과 마음챙김명상의 효과비교 : 공통점과 차이점", 한국심리학회지 : 건강, 19(2), pp.509~535 (2014)
  3. 김완석, "자비명상 훈련이 이타행동에 미치는 효과 : 연민의 동기를 중심으로", 한국명상학회지, 9, pp.19~33 (2019)
  4. 김정모, "마음챙김에 기초한 교양강좌가 대학생의 인성발달에 미치는 효과", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(4), pp.833~852 (2014)
  5. 김혜리, "아동의 인지적․정서적 공감 능력과 사회적 행동 간의 관계", 한국심리학회지 : 발달, 26(1), pp.255~275 (2013)
  6. 박도현, "수치심이 자비심 계발에 미치는 영향", 박사, pp.2016
  7. 박도현, "아주 사무량심 척도(AFIS)의 개발과 타당화", 한국심리학회지 : 건강, 20(4), pp.821~838 (2015)
  8. 박성현, "마음챙김 척도 개발", 박사, pp.2006
  9. 박성현, "자비, 깨달음의 씨앗인가 열매인가", pp.259~302 (2015), 도서출판 운주사
  10. 박준호, "대학생을 대상으로 한 한국판 지각된 스트레스 척도 타당화 연구", 한국심리학회지 : 일반, 29(3), pp.611~629 (2010)
  11. 박희영, "이타행동에 대한 마음챙김과 자비심의 차별적 효과 기제 : 인지적 공감과 정서적 공감을 중심으로", 한국심리학회지 : 건강, 24(1), pp.273~291 (2019)
  12. 안자영, "자비명상 프로그램이 동남아이주민 대한 편견 감소 및 이타성에 미치는 효과", 한국명상학회지, 6, pp.1~15 (2016)
  13. 윤석인, "마음챙김 명상은 자기관을 변화시키는가? : 무아를 중심으로", 박사, pp.2021
  14. 윤석인, "마음챙김명상과 자비명상이 친사회성 및 반사회성에 미치는 차별적 효과 : 국내 연구의 체계적 리뷰 및 메타분석", 한국심리학회지 : 일반, 42(2), pp.141~177 (2023)
  15. 이성준, "자비명상의 효과 : 이타성과 안녕감", 박사, pp.2014
  16. 이지연, "사회적 지원이 개인 안녕과 이타성에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지 : 사회 및 성격, 20(1), pp.55~75 (2006)
  17. 이해선, "대학생의 집단과제 활동에서 명상기반 훈련이 집단응집력과 집단 만족도에 미치는 영향 : 자비명상과 마음챙김명상의 비교", 한국명상학회지, 7, pp.47~61 (2017)
  18. 이현희, "한국판 정적 정서 및 부적 정서 척도(Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS)의 타당화 연구", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22(4), pp.935~946 (2003)
  19. 전민영, "의과대학생의 공감 능력과 환자-의사 관계에 대한 영향", Korean Journal of Medical Education, 27(4), pp.283~290 (2015)
  20. 조현주, "초보 상담자들의 자기 성장을 위한 마음챙김 자비 프로그램 개발 및 효과", 청소년학연구, 21(12), pp.25~47 (2014)
  21. 허정문, "자비명상 수련에서 평등심의 역할 : 자비확장성을 중심으로", 박사, pp.2019
  22. Ashar, Y. K., "Effects of compassion meditation on a psychological model of charitable donation", Emotion, 16(5), pp.691~ (2016)[DOI]
  23. Aspy, D. J., "Mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation : Effects on connectedness to humanity and to the natural world", Psychological Reports, 120(1), pp.102~117 (2017)[DOI]
  24. Batson, C. D., "Prosocial motivation : Is it ever truly altruistic?", Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 20, pp.65~122 (1987)[DOI]
  25. Batson, C. D., "The Altruism Question: Toward a Social-Psychological Answer" (1991), Psychology Press
  26. Batson, C. D., "Empathy-induced altruism in a prisoner’s dilemma II : What if the target of empathy has defected?", European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), pp.25~36 (2001)[DOI]
  27. Batson, C. D., "Empathic joy and the empathy-altruism hypothesis", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), pp.413~ (1991)[DOI]
  28. Batson, C. D., "An additional antecedent of empathic concern : Valuing the welfare of the person in need", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), pp.65~ (2007)[DOI]
  29. Bendit-Shtull, T., "Combating Implicit Bias With Meditation", Master, pp.2017
  30. Berry, D. R., "Mindfulness increases prosocial responses toward ostracized strangers through empathic concern", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 147(1), pp.93~ (2018)[DOI]
  31. Berry, D. R., "Does mindfulness training without explicit ethics-based instruction promote prosocial behaviors? A meta-analysis", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(8), pp.1247~1269 (2020)[DOI]
  32. Bibeau, M., "Can compassion meditation contribute to the development of psychotherapists’ empathy? A review", Mindfulness, 7(1), pp.255~263 (2016)[DOI]
  33. Blum, L. A., "Friendship, Altruism, and Morality" (1980), Routledge & Kegan Paul
  34. Brito-Pons, G., "Implicit or explicit compassion? Effects of compassion cultivation training and comparison with mindfulness-based stress reduction", Mindfulness, 9(5), pp.1494~1508 (2018)[DOI]
  35. Burks, D. J., "The empathy-altruism association and its relevance to health care professions", Social Behavior and Personality : an international journal, 40(3), pp.395~400 (2012)[DOI]
  36. Cameron, C. D., "Mindfulness facets predict helping behavior and distinct helping-related emotions", Mindfulness, 6(5), pp.1211~1218 (2015)[DOI]
  37. Chen, S., "Incorporating ethics into brief mindfulness practice : Effects on well-being and prosocial behavior", Mindfulness, 11(1), pp.18~29 (2020)[DOI]
  38. Cohen, S., "A global measure of perceived stress", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), pp.385~396 (1983)[DOI]
  39. Comte, A, "System of positive polity (Vol.1)" (1851), Longmans
  40. Condon, P., "Meditation increases compassionate responses to suffering", Psychological Science, 24(10), pp.2125~2127 (2013)[DOI]
  41. Condon, P., "The Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science", pp.287~298 (2017), Oxford University Press
  42. Crocker, J., "Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships : The role of compassionate and self-image goals", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), pp.555~575 (2008)[DOI]
  43. Dahl, C. J., "Reconstructing and deconstructing the self : cognitive mechanisms in meditation practice", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(9), pp.515~523 (2015)[DOI]
  44. Donald, J. N., "Does your mindfulness benefit others? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the link between mindfulness and prosocial behaviour", British Journal of Psychology, 110(1), pp.101~125 (2019)[DOI]
  45. Eisenberg, N, "Altruistic Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior" (2014), Psychology Press
  46. Feldman, G., "Differential effects of mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and loving-kindness meditation on decentering and negative reactions to repetitive thoughts", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(10), pp.1002~1011 (2010)[DOI]
  47. Fuochi, G., "A deeper look at the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and empathy : Meditation experience as a moderator and dereification processes as mediators", Personality and Individual Differences, 165, pp.110122~ (2020)[DOI]
  48. Greenberg, M. T., "From mindfulness to right mindfulness : The intersection of awareness and ethics", Mindfulness, 6(1), pp.74~78 (2015)[DOI]
  49. Greenwald, A. G., "Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition : The implicit association test", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), pp.1464~ (1998)[DOI]
  50. Greenwald, A. G., "Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test : III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), pp.17~ (2009)[DOI]
  51. Grijalva, R, "The Effects of Mindfulness Meditations on Objectivity in Implicit Associations and Perceptions of Animacy", Master, pp.2018
  52. Haddock, G., "Assessing the structure of prejudicial attitudes : The case of attitudes toward homosexuals", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), pp.1105~ (1993)[DOI]
  53. Hofmann, S. G., "Loving-kindness and compassion meditation : Potential for psychological interventions", Clinical Psychology Review, 31(7), pp.1126~1132 (2011)[DOI]
  54. Impett, E. A., "Giving up and giving in : The costs and benefits of daily sacrifice in intimate relationships", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(3), pp.327~ (2005)[DOI]
  55. Ishak, N. M., "Dimensions of social skills and their relationship with empathy among gifted and talented students in Malaysia", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116(21), pp.750~753 (2014)[DOI]
  56. Ivers, N. N., "The association between implicit racial bias and mindfulness in mental health practitioners", Journal of Counseling & Development, 99(1), pp.11~23 (2021)[DOI]
  57. Korsmo, B., "Can Mindfulness Meditation Reduce Implicit Racial Bias? Body Scan and Lovingkindness Practices", Doctor, pp.2019
  58. Krebs, D. L., "Altruism : An examination of the concept and a review of the literature", Psychological Bulletin, 73(4), pp.258~302 (1970)[DOI]
  59. Kreplin, U., "The limited prosocial effects of meditation : A systematic review and meta-analysis", Scientific Reports, 8(1), pp.1~10 (2018)[DOI]
  60. Kristeller, J. L., "Cultivating loving kindness : A two-stage model of the effects of meditation on empathy, compassion, and altruism", Zygon®, 40(2), pp.391~408 (2005)[DOI]
  61. Logie, K., "Self", other referential processing following mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation, 2015, pp.6(4), 778~787
  62. Lueke, A., "Mindfulness meditation reduces implicit age and race bias : The role of reduced automaticity of responding", Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(3), pp.284~291 (2015)[DOI]
  63. Lueke, A., "Brief mindfulness meditation reduces discrimination", Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(1), pp.34~ (2016)[DOI]
  64. Nosek, B. A., "The Sage Handbook of Social cognition", pp.31~53 (2012), SAGE
  65. Olson, J. M., "Attitudes and attitude change", Annual Review of Psychology, 44(1), pp.117~154 (1993)[DOI]
  66. Orazi, D. C., "To erect temples to virtue : Effects of state mindfulness on other-focused ethical behaviors", Journal of Business Ethics, 169(4), pp.785~798 (2021)[DOI]
  67. Poulin, M. J., "The Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science", pp.353~370 (2017), Oxford University Press
  68. Poulin, M., "Minding your own business? Mindfulness decreases prosocial behavior for those with independent self-construals", Psychological Science, 32(11), pp.1699~1708 (2021)[DOI]
  69. "Beyond McMindfulness" (2013)[URL]
  70. Ryff, C. D., "Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), pp.1069~1081 (1989)[DOI]
  71. Shapiro, S. L., "Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students", Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), pp.581~599 (1998)[DOI]
  72. Schindler, S., "The relation of mindfulness and prosocial behavior : What do we(not)know?", Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, pp.151~156 (2021)[DOI]
  73. Skwara, A. C., "The Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science", pp.41~49 (2017), Oxford University Press
  74. Sprecher, S., "Compassionate love for close others and humanity", Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(5), pp.629~651 (2005)[DOI]
  75. Staub, E, "Positive Social Behavior and Morality, Volume 1: Social and Personal Influences" (1978), Academic Press
  76. Stell, A. J., "Brief loving-kindness meditation reduces racial bias, mediated by positive other-regarding emotions", Motivation and Emotion, 40(1), pp.140~147 (2016)[DOI]
  77. Trautwein, F. M., "Differential benefits of mental training types for attention, compassion, and theory of mind", Cognition, 194, pp.104039~ (2020)[DOI]
  78. Vago, D. R., "Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence(S-ART) : A framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, pp.296~ (2012)[DOI]
  79. Watson, D., "Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect : The PANAS scales", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), pp.1063~ (1988)[DOI]
  80. Welwood, J., "깨달음의 심리학" (2008), 학지사
  81. Weng, H. Y., "Compassion training alters altruism and neural responses to suffering", Psychological Science, 24(7), pp.1171~1180 (2013)[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (2건)