한국형 출소자 대상 낙인척도 타당화
A Validation Study of a Korean Version of Released Convicts’ Stigma Scale(K-RCSS)
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초록
본 연구는 국내 출소자의 낙인인식을 평가하는 척도를 개발하기 위해, Philips (2016)가 범죄자의 낙인인식 수준을 여러 영역으로 세분화하여 측정하고자 제작한 범죄자 낙인인식 척도(Stigma Perceptions Scale)를 한국어로 번안하여 국내 출소자를 대상으로 타당화하고자 하였다. 원척도에서 제시한 낙인인식의 영역은 대중낙인인식(perceived public stigma), 대인낙인인식(perceived personal stigma), 자기낙인(self-stigma)으로, 이 3요인 구조가 국내 출소자에게 적합한가를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 원척도 문항에 대해 번역 및 역번역 과정을 거쳤고, 전문가 집단의 자문을 받아 문항 내용을 수정하였다. 분석을 위해 출소자 402명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 다음으로, 한국형 출소자 대상 낙인척도의 요인구조를 확인하고, 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과, 원척도에서 제시한 요인 구성과 동일한 3요인 구조가 확인되었다. 이에 대해 원척도에서 제시한 하위 척도를 한국어로 번역하여 대중낙인인식, 대인낙인인식, 자기낙인으로 명명하였다. 신뢰도 분석 결과, 총 33문항(대중낙인인식 11문항, 대인낙인인식 11문항, 자기낙인 11문항)의 내적 일치도와, 각 하위 척도의 문항-총점 간 상관이 적합한 수준으로 나타나 본 척도의 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 타당도를 확인하기 위해 낙인척도와 주관적 삶의 질 척도, 회복탄력성 척도를 분석한 결과, 낙인척도와 주관적 삶의 질 척도 및 회복탄력성 척도가 각각 유의한 부적(-) 상관관계에 있어 수렴타당도가 검증되었다. 다음으로 변별타당도를 검증하기 위해 제약-비제약모델 분석을 실시한 결과, 낙인척도와 주관적 삶의 질 척도가 서로 다른 개념을 측정하고, 낙인척도와 회복탄력성 척도 또한 각각 다른 개념을 측정하는 척도임이 나타나 낙인척도의 변별타당도가 검증되었다. 본 연구 결과는 한국형 출소자 대상 낙인척도가 국내 출소자의 낙인인식 수준을 측정함에 있어서 신뢰롭고 타당한 평가도구임을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to validate the reliability and the validity of a Korean Version of Released Convicts’ Stigma Scale (K-RCSS) developed by Philips(2016). To verify the scale, the survey was conducted with the stigma scale translated into Korean for 402 released convicts. The factor structure of the Philips’ has the three-factor structures: perceived public stigma, perceived personal stigma, and self-stigma. To validate this, the factor structure of the K-RCSS was confirmed and the reliability and the validity were verified. The results were as follows; First, as a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the K-RCSS consisted of three-factor structures same as the original scale which were self-stigma, perceived personal stigma, and perceived public stigma. Second, as a result of reliability analysis, the internal consistency of 33 items(11 items of self-stigma, 11 items of perceived personal stigma, and 11 items of perceived public stigma) and item-total correlation were demonstrated to be significantly high. Lastly, the Subjective Quality of Life Scale and the Resilience Scale were applied to verify the convergence validity and the discrimination validity of the K-RCSS. The convergence validity of the K-RCSS was confirmed as analyzing correlation between three scales. The Result showed the K-RCSS correlated with each two scales negatively. In addition, discrimination validity of the K-RCSS was attested by comparing nested models with non-nested models with each scales. The results indicated that model fits of non-nested were significantly better in both results. These demonstrated the discrimination validity of the K-RCSS. The results of this study proved the K-RCSS is a reliable and valid scale for measuring the stigma perception level of the released convicts in Korea.
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