비환원론적 물리주의 인간 이해 ― 낸시 머피를 중심으로
The Non-reductive Physicalist Understanding of Human Beings: Centered on Nancey Murphy’s Thought
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초록
이 논문은 최근 전통적인 신학적 인간론에 대한 의미 있는 도전으로 간주되고 또한 논쟁의 초점이 되고 있는 머피의 비환원론적 물리주의 인간론에 대한 연구이다. 머피는 전통 또는 근대의 이원론과 오늘날의 환원론적 물리주의에 대항하여 비환원론적 물리주의를 주장한다. 비환원론적 물리주의는 모든 것은 궁극적으로 물리적이지만 모든설명은 물리적 관점에서 주어지지 않는다는 입장이다. 머피는 한편으로 오늘날의 신경생물학과 같은 과학이론에 기초하여 전통적인 영혼이나 정신 개념을 거부하고 생동화된 몸(spirited body)으로서의 물리주의적 인간 이해를 주장하며, 다른 한편 인간의 인격적 속성은 상향식 인과율로 환원되지 않는 하향식을 인과율을 행사하며 다른 동물들과 달리 자유의지, 도덕적 책임성, 하나님과의 인격적 관계를 갖는다고 주장한다. 이 논문에서 필자는 머피의 비환원론적 물리주의와 달리, 육체로부터 창발된 실재로서의 영혼(정신)의 실재를 인정하며, 하나님과 다른 사람과의 인격적 관계를 갖는 인간 인격의 자리로서 영혼 또는 정신개념을 보전하는 것이 머피처럼 이 개념을 버리는 것보다 더 바람직하다고 주장한다. 또한 이 논문에서 필자는 인간의 정신과 육체의 관계가 죽음 이전에는 양면적 물리주의의 관점에서 그리고 부활 이후에는 양면적 관념론의 관점에서 이해될 필요가 있다고 주장한다.
Abstract
This writing aims at investigating Nancey Murphy’sunderstanding of human beings from the perspective ofnon-reductive physicalism which is recently regarded as asignificant challenge to the traditional theological anthropologyand evokes heated debate. Murphy contends for non-reductivephysicalism against both traditional or modern dualism andcontemporary reductive physicalism. Non-reductive physicalism isthe view which insists that everything is ultimately physical yetevery explanation is not given from the physical point of view. Onthe one hand, Murphy, rejecting traditional concepts like soul ormind based on the theory of sciences such as neurobiology, arguesfor the physicalist understand of human beings as spirited bodies. On the other hand, she claims that the attribute of human person exerts top-down causality which cannot be reduced to bottom-upcausality and, unlike other animals, has free will, moralresponsibility, and personal relationship with God. In this writing, unlike Murphy’s non-reductive physicalism, Iconfirm the ontological reality of soul(mind) as an emergentreality from body, and contend that it is more desirable to preservethe concept of soul(mind) as the locus where the human personhas a personal relationship with God and others than to refute it asMurphy does. And I also propose that the relation between mindand body may well be understood before death in terms of dualaspectphysicalism and after resurrection in terms of dual-aspectidealism.
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