일본의 해부학 수용 초기의 특성: 『해체신서(解體新書)』와 『중정해체신서(重訂解體新書)』에 나타난 세계와 인체

Abstract

Kaitai shinsho (解體新書) is an anatomical book important to modern Japanese medical history. The publishing of Kaitai shinsho created a movement to learn Dutch and Western sciences. As a result, Japan had the fastest push for Western modernization in East Asia. Sugita Genpaku (杉田玄白) and his colleagues, who translated Kaitai shinsho, thoroughly rejected the unscientific features of traditional Chinese medicine with regards to anatomy. They had absolute trust in Western studies because of the exact and detailed descriptions of Western anatomy. It was clear anatomy was the basic science of medicine. Kaitai shinsho and Jutei kaitai shinsho (重訂解體新書) changed the minds of the Japanese in the fields of medicine, culture, and history. Otsuki Gentaku (大 槻玄澤), the author of Jutei kaitai shinsho, turned it into a positive anatomy by emphasizing the history of the anatomy. He overcame the worldview centered on China and made the idea that China was the same as other countries in the Japanese position. By emphasizing the neurohumor, he strengthened functional explanations that were difficult to explain in anatomy and used logic to overcome traditionalists who criticized anatomy.