전근대 중국의 해부와 신체관

Abstract

In premodern times, China had two turning points for the development of human body drawings. First, in the era of the North Song dynasty, which followed the Tang dynasty, the human body was dissected two times to produce both Kuhwibeomojangdo and Jonjindo. The drawing of the human body was based on knowledge from the dissection of the human body to be free from Taoism and became closer to today’s anatomy-based human body drawing. Second, in the sixteenth century, another human body drawing appeared presenting a different shape than that of the previous era. This drawing reflected physical science discourses made after the Song dynasty, not new anatomy knowledge. The anatomic knowledge in China did not change after the Song dynasty until the introduction of Western anatomic knowledge. Before the advent of Wang Qing-ren’s Yilingaicuo (Correcting the Errors of Medicine) and Benjamin Hobson’s Quantixinlun (Outline of Anatomy and Physiology), the ancient Chinese recognized the human body not only as a mechanical being, but also as a holistic being. Based on practical dissections, Confucian theories, and the competition of schools, the ancient Chinese developed Chinese anatomy.