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한말 일제 전반기 여성 의학교육의 계보와 특징: 로제타 홀(1865-1951)의 의학교육을 중심으로

The Genealogy and Characteristics of Women’s Medical Education in the Late Great Han Empire and the First Half of Japanese Rule: Focusing on Dr. Rosetta S. Hall’s (1865–1951) Medical Education

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의학사연구소 (Institute for History of Medicine)|2023.12|연세의사학 (Yonsei Journal of Medical History)|제26권 제2호|pp. 121-145|DOI 10.35276/yjmh.2023.26.2.121

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참고문헌

키워드

경성여자의학전문학교조선여자의학강습소로제타 홀Rosetta Sherwood Hall여성 의학교육광혜녀원경성여자의학강습소women’s medical educationGwang-hye-nyeo-won (광혜녀원)Joseon Woman’s Medical Training InstituteGyeongseong Woman’s Medical Training InstituteGyeongseong Woman’s Medical College

초록

Rosetta Sherwood Hall’s (1865-1951) achievements in the history of Korean women’s medical education can be evaluated in several stages. First, during the preparation period (the period of Bo-gu-nyeo-gwan in the 1890s–1900s), Rosetta Hall traveled between Seoul and Pyengyang, so it was virtually impossible to develop women doctors through women’s medical education. Therefore, she set the realistic goal of developing medical assistants, as it was impossible to develop women doctors in Korea. Second, during the 1910s, Mary Cutler’s (1865-1948) introduction to Pyengyang’s Gwang-hye-nye-won (광혜녀원: Woman’s Hospital of Extended Grace) allowed Rosetta Hall to launch a new chapter for women’s medical education in colonial Korea. Previously, the goal of medical education was to develop medical assistants, but from this period, a plan to develop women doctors was sought through medical examinations. The Woman’s Medical Class at Gwang-hye-nye-won reflects this endeavor. However, it remained impossible to produce women doctors at this time. Third, during the transition period (1914-1926), with the help of Director Fujita Tsuguakira (藤田嗣章: 1854–1941), the Auditoring Student System of the Medical Training Institute affiliated with the Governor-General of Korea was launched. As a result, the first licensed women doctors in Korea, such as Ahn Soo-kyung, Kim Young-heung, and Kim Hae-ji, were brought into being. However, women’s medical education during the interim period was not sustainable, and the production of women doctors inevitably came to a halt. Fourth, during the turning point (since 1928), Rosetta Hall sought to normalize women’s medical education through the establishment of a woman’s medical college. The establishment of the Joseon Woman’s Medical Training Institute (JWMTI) was the starting point. While Rosetta Hall was in Korea, the JWMTI did not produce any significant results, such as graduates or the promotion of medical colleges. The tasks left by Rosetta Hall were inherited by Korean doctors such as Kim Tak-won (1898-1939) and Gil Jeong-hee (1899-1990), and they completed the unfinished work left by Rosetta Hall through the establishment of Gyeongseong Woman's Medical Training Institute (GWMTI) in 1933 and Gyeongseong Woman's Medical College (GWMC) in 1938. Rosetta Hall played a historically significant role in that she established the JWMTI in preparation for the establishment of a woman’s medical college, the highest level of training in the medical education system under Japanese rule, and the JWMTI was a turning point for the establishment of a woman's medical college.

Abstract

Rosetta Sherwood Hall’s (1865-1951) achievements in the history of Korean women’s medical education can be evaluated in several stages. First, during the preparation period (the period of Bo-gu-nyeo-gwan in the 1890s–1900s), Rosetta Hall traveled between Seoul and Pyengyang, so it was virtually impossible to develop women doctors through women’s medical education. Therefore, she set the realistic goal of developing medical assistants, as it was impossible to develop women doctors in Korea. Second, during the 1910s, Mary Cutler’s (1865-1948) introduction to Pyengyang’s Gwang-hye-nye-won (광혜녀원: Woman’s Hospital of Extended Grace) allowed Rosetta Hall to launch a new chapter for women’s medical education in colonial Korea. Previously, the goal of medical education was to develop medical assistants, but from this period, a plan to develop women doctors was sought through medical examinations. The Woman’s Medical Class at Gwang-hye-nye-won reflects this endeavor. However, it remained impossible to produce women doctors at this time. Third, during the transition period (1914-1926), with the help of Director Fujita Tsuguakira (藤田嗣章: 1854–1941), the Auditoring Student System of the Medical Training Institute affiliated with the Governor-General of Korea was launched. As a result, the first licensed women doctors in Korea, such as Ahn Soo-kyung, Kim Young-heung, and Kim Hae-ji, were brought into being. However, women’s medical education during the interim period was not sustainable, and the production of women doctors inevitably came to a halt. Fourth, during the turning point (since 1928), Rosetta Hall sought to normalize women’s medical education through the establishment of a woman’s medical college. The establishment of the Joseon Woman’s Medical Training Institute (JWMTI) was the starting point. While Rosetta Hall was in Korea, the JWMTI did not produce any significant results, such as graduates or the promotion of medical colleges. The tasks left by Rosetta Hall were inherited by Korean doctors such as Kim Tak-won (1898-1939) and Gil Jeong-hee (1899-1990), and they completed the unfinished work left by Rosetta Hall through the establishment of Gyeongseong Woman's Medical Training Institute (GWMTI) in 1933 and Gyeongseong Woman's Medical College (GWMC) in 1938. Rosetta Hall played a historically significant role in that she established the JWMTI in preparation for the establishment of a woman’s medical college, the highest level of training in the medical education system under Japanese rule, and the JWMTI was a turning point for the establishment of a woman's medical college.

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