내 어머니의 집으로 ― 가나 혼인 잔치와 아가서의 상호텍스트성
Echoes of the Song of Songs in the Wedding at Cana in John 2:1-11
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본 연구는 가나 혼인잔치 사화 (요 2:111)와 아가서의 상호텍스트성을 제안한다. 사용한 방법론은 사상사비평과 상호텍스트성에 대한 이론들이나, 문학비평과 역사비평의 연구 결과들을 존중한다. 먼저 요한복음 본문에서 아가서를 연상시키는 “어머니”와 “포도주”를 열쇠어로 삼아 두 본문을 연결시키고, 두 본문을 지배하는 신랑과 신부의 혼례식이라는 주제를 중심으로 관련 은유들과 주제들을 분석한다. 이 분석에 따르면 가나 혼인잔치 사화는 아가서가 대망한 신랑 메시야와 신부 이스라엘에 관한 것이며, 성전 재건과 이스라엘의 주권 회복이 예수를 통해 실현됨을 선포하는 사화다. 초대 기독교 교부들 이후에 가나 혼인잔치 사화를 아가서의 빛으로 해석한 학자는 거의 없었으므로 본 연구는 요한학계에 혁신적인 것이다. 더구나 기존 연구는 이 사화의 초점이 물을 포도주로 만든 기적 자체에 있으며, 그런 기적에 능했다고 알려진 디오니소스보다 예수가 더 나음을 시사하는 사화라고 해석하는 데 그쳤다. 그러나 본 연구는 가나 혼인잔치가 디오니소스 뿐 아니라 필론적 모세도 겨냥하고 있으며 기적뿐 아니라 그 내면적 의미, 곧 갈릴리 가나에서 시작하는 새 이스라엘의 시작을 선포하는 데 더 큰 의미가 있다고 해석한다.
Abstract
This paper uncovers and interprets the echoes of the Song of Songs in the narrative of the wedding at Cana in John 2:111 in order to propose an intertextual relationship between the Johannine text and the Song. The primary methodologies are the history of ideas and the intertextuality theories suggested by Stephen Hinds, Richard Hays, Dennis MacDonald, Michel Riffaterre, and Ziva BenPorat. Nevertheless, many anterior hypotheses regarding the Johannine text are respected, and partly included, only if they are agreeable to this study. This analysis suggests that the wedding at Cana describes the messianic banquet envisaged by the Song of Songs. Jesus in the narrative portrays the fulfillment of the bridegroom messiah imperfectly displayed by the Solomonic king in the Song. The wedding at Cana further resonates with both the mother’s house and the house of wine in the Song, where the mother crowned the messianic king on the day of his wedding. Thereby, the first sign at Cana can be interpreted as signifying and announcing the new beginning of the Johannine kingdom of Israel. This study is innovative because previous studies on the wedding were not able to detect the echoes of the Song in the narrative.
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