종교다원주의에서 다자중심주의로
From religious Pluralism to Polycentrism
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종교다원주의는 기독교와 다른 종교 간의 관계설정을 모색하던종교신학에 새로운 가능성을 제시했을 뿐 아니라 여러 가지 혼란을가져온 것이 사실이다. 특히 다원주의의 등장으로 인해 종교신학적삼분법이 널리 통용되고 있지만, 그 정의가 여전히 불분명한 가운데사용되고 있기에 혼선이 일어나기도 한다. 따라서 널리 통용되고 있는배타주의, 포괄주의, 다원주의의 종교신학적 삼분법에 대한 비판적검토와 더불어 명확한 근거와 잣대가 요구된다. 뿐만 아니라 다원주의가기존의 모델들을 비판하는 근거가 다원화된 민주사회의 윤리적 잣대가되고 있는 관용의 원리에 의존하여 배타주의와 포괄주의를 비관용적모델로 비판하고 있다는 점도 주목할 필요가 있다. 하지만 다원주의모델이 관용의 원리에 입각하여 다양한 종교들을 아우르는 형이상학적틀을 제시할 때, 이 다원주의 체계는 논리적으로나, 인식론적으로나,종교학적으로 지탱될 수 없는 가설들과 추론들에 근거하고 있다.
Abstract
Since religious pluralism as a model of theology of religionsappeared in a modern civilized society in which many religionsas possible ways for salvific life coexist, many people accept thismodel as the best way for multireligious society without any carefulexamination as well as in the name of tolerance uncritically. Ifany one does not agree to this model, he is often regarded asone who are not intelligent and enlightened, but narrow-minded. But this position of pluralism has been even until now unsatisfactoryto many religious people. Because they get an impression thattheir religions lose their own uniqueness and originality in thissystem of pluralism model. Therefore we should have a momentto examine the pluralism critically and to find a new way. First,this study will disclose that the criterion to categorize betweenexclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism is not definitized and fixed,but uncertain and obscure. So it often comes to misunderstandingby setting an opinion of theology of religions in one of the categories. Second, this thesis studies the model of pluralism carefully andcritically in order to find the inner ground of actualizing andvalidating this model in practice. Pluralism as a philosophical andtheological model is based on a cardinal virtue of civilized society,tolerance that means in this system a mutual recognition and finding of the common ground. However, it is not easy to advocate thereligious pluralism model in the viewpoint of logic, epistemologyand history of religions, when it tries to crumple various andopposing religious truth-claims into one common concept. Opposite to monocentrism on which the model pluralism is logicallyand metaphysically based, polycentrism is suggested for a neworientation of multireligious society. Polycentrism puts emphasison the diversity and irreducibility of several religious truth-claimsas well as on the mutual criticism and competition in good faith. It does not try to build a meta-perspective and meta-system overall religions, but takes differences of religions as a starting pointfor the coexistence and the possibility of dialogue among religions. Therefore polycentrism as a Christian theology of religions goeson the ground in the faith of Jesus Christ towards other religiouspartners in order to give and get an impetus one another.
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