러시아의 국가폭력과 과거사 청산 노력

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to seek in what way has USSR(Russia) government coped with the clearing of the state terrors in Stalin's era. In particular, it broke out great terrors and its secret process in Stalin's era. This article attempts first of all to examine what the specific objects were as well as how the process worked and to seek who the problems worked to solve. This task will give many implications and suggestions for the liquidation of the state terrors. In first Chapter, this article gives the historical facts on the basis of academic studies about Stalin’s Great Terrors in 1930-46, particularly its scales of 3 periods- 1. period(1930-1937), 2. period(1937-1938), 3. period(1941-1946)- by doing a critical review on the anatomy of terror as political violence under Stalin. A steel dictator Joseph Stalin(1879-1953), ruled during twenty-five years, found himself leading a country where 20-25 million victims of communization were by his fellow-travellers. Second chapter gives efforts clearing of the state terrors in Stalin's era. After Stalin's death 1953, his successor Khrushchev criticized Stalin hardly, set government investigators to work examining Stalin's terrors killed in the name of Soviet people or their equality. It is hardly to success the clearing of the past, because his political and legal efforts were very limited. Gorbachev named general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on March 11, 1985 instituted the policies of glasnost (“openness”) which opened the floodgates to criticism of the entire Soviet apparatus, and perestroika (“restructuring”) which introduced quasi free market policies to government-run industries. In this chapter, it examines how Gorbachev's glasnost brought about the end of the Cold War in 1989 and a lot of success for the clearing of the past. Two Russia presidents after the collapse of Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin and Putin, had no efforts of the clearing of the past. Finally, this study summarizes the main arguments and tries to show what sorts of lessons the Russia case has provided over Korean reunification. There were two efforts clearing of the state terrors in Stalin's era: efforts by two general secretaries before the collapse of Soviet Union - top-down styles, opened clearing up, victims-centered clearing up, transformation to the democratic system from the communism.