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장애인을 위한 인공지능 활용 동향

Artificial Intelligence for Persons with Disabilities

이영선|권정민
초등교육연구원 (Elementary Education Research Institute)|2020.08|한국초등교육 (Korean Journal of Elementary Education)|제31권 제1호|pp. 187-202|DOI 10.20972/kjee.31..202008.187

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참고문헌

키워드

AI인공지능특수교육장애인Artificial Intelligence접근성Disability테크놀로지Special Education보조공학Assistive Technology

초록

기술은 인간의 삶을 편하게 하는 것을 궁극적 목적으로 한다. 장애인에게 있어 기술은 개인적 편리함 뿐 아니라 사회적 통합까지 가능케 하는 중요한 삶의 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 AI 기술이 장애인의삶을 더 나아지게 하는데 어떻게 활용될 수 있는지 그 가능성을 알아보고자, 과거에 개발되었거나 현재 개발중이거나, 가까운 미래에 상용화 가능성이 높은 기술의 동향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 여러장애 분야 중 가장 많은 비율을 차지하는 시각장애, 청각장애, 지체장애, 학습장애, 발달장애를 위주로살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 문헌조사 방법을 이용하여 장애인을 위한 AI기술의 활용 가능성을 탐색하였다. 문헌조사의 대상을 최근 5년 이내의 동료심사된 논문, 학술대회 프로시딩 뿐 아니라 현재 개발되고 있는 제품까지 포함하기 위하여 뉴스 기사, 기업이나 비영리 기관의 공식 블로그까지 연구대상으로 포함 하였다. 연구 결과 장애인을 위한 기술은 장애별로 다르게 나타났다. 장애별 AI 지원 중 가장다양한 방식의 지원이 개발되고 있는 분야가 시각장애, 청각장애, 지체장애였으며, 이들은 생활보조에더 초점이 맞추어져 있는 반면, 학습장애와 자폐는 진단과 교육에 더 집중되어 있였다. 시각장애인을위한 AI 기술의 개발은 크게 인식 보조, 이동성 보조, 쇼핑 보조, 학습 보조, 기타 생활 보조로 나누어졌다. 청각장애인을 위한 AI 활용은 캡셔닝, 듣기보조, 수화 통역의 세 분류로 나누졌으며, 지체장애인을 위한 AI는 크게 음성인식, 자율화, 조작, 보완대체의사소통으로 나타났다. 학습장애를 위한 AI는 크게 학습장애의 진단과 학습지원, 그리고 자폐성장애와 발달장애를 위한 AI는 크게 진단, 사회적 상호작용 보조, 치료 보조, 그리고 단순화로 개발되고 있다. 인공지능은 이동성 보조, 의사소통 기회와 능력 향상, 독립성 향상, 접근성 향상 등을 통해 장애인의 삶의 질을 향상시킨다.

Abstract

Technology is used to make our lives more comfortable. For persons with disability, technologyaffects not only personal life but also how one is integrated into the society. In this study, trends inAI use for persons with disabilities were analyzed. We researched peer-reviewed journals, conferenceproceedings, news outlets, and official company websites to get a broader view of available andcurrently developing products. Results show that AI technologies are used in specific and differentways for persons with disabilities. For example, AI for visual impairment were mostly developed toassist with visual perception, mobility, shopping, learning, and other daily living. AI for hearingimpairment is developed around hearing assistance, captioning, and translation of sign language. AIfor physical disabilities are focused on assisting with speech recognition, automation, control, andAAC. For learning disabilities, AI is mostly used for education and diagnostics. For autism, AI ismostly used for diagnosis, therapy, and simplification. AI products were mostly focused on helpingpersons with physical and sensory disabilities. For persons with learning disability and developmentaldisability, the products were centered around assessment and education. Overall, AI is used toenhance quality of life for persons with disabilities by assisting with mobility, communication,independence, and accessibility.

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장애인 대상 인공지능 활용 국내 연구에 대한 체계적 문헌 고찰 : 2001년~2025년김화수, 박소윤, 박소정, 이지우, 황은영한국국회학회 · 한국과 세계2025 · 제7권 제5호장애인을 위한 인공지능 도구 개발에 관한 체계적 고찰: 국내 연구를 중심으로이나핼특수교육재활과학연구소 · 특수교육재활과학연구2024 · 제63권 제4호시각장애인을 위한 인공지능기술 활용: 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 이용한 국내외 연구동향 분석박진석, 이영선한국시각장애교육&재활학회 · 시각장애연구2024 · 제40권 제3호토픽모델링(LDA)을 활용한 장애인 대상 인공지능 관련 연구 동향 분석김동일, 손은지, 안성진교육연구소 · 교육연구논총2025 · 제46권 제4호특수교육 분야 인공지능 관련 연구의 동향과특수교육 교과교육에 주는 시사점 고찰김현집특수교육재활과학연구소 · 특수교육재활과학연구2025 · 제64권 제1호장애 여부에 따른 인공지능 일자리 대체 인식과 장애유형별 인공지능 활용 욕구 분석문영민, 임예직한국장애인복지학회 · 한국장애인복지학2025 · 제68권 제68호

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