청소년 유튜버는 어떠한 무형식학습을 하는가?
What kinds of informal learning do teenage YouTubers experience?
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본 연구에서는 청소년 유튜버가 유튜브 활동을 통해 어떠한 무형식학습을 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구자의 자녀인 E의 유튜버 활동을 약 9개월 간 참여관찰하며 수집한 자료와 공식적,비공식적 인터뷰를 통해 문화기술지 방법으로 연구 및 기술하였다. 연구 결과 청소년 유튜버인 E는 다음과 같은 분야에서 무형식학습을 경험하였다: 1) 디지털 리터러시, 2) 읽기, 쓰기, 말하기, 3) 설문조사, 통계 분석 및 결과 활용, 4) 알고리즘에 대한 이해와 활용, 5) 성공적인 유튜브 채널 운영 방법,6) 온라인에서의 각종 문제에 관한 대처 방법, 7) 비판적 미디어 리터러시. 이 중 비판적 미디어 리터러시는 앞의 여섯 가지 경험의 합이 E에게 가져온 변화였다. 콘텐츠를 소비자로서의 관점으로만 보다가 유튜버가 된 이후 생산자로서의 관점으로 보게 되자 미디어에 대한 비판적 사고가 엿보이기 시작했다. 이 외에도 E는 악플러에 대한 대처, 다양한 삶에 대한 이해 등을 경험하였다. 본 연구는 가정 내에서 일어나는 일을 문화기술지 방법으로 연구하였지만 이 연구는 개인사를 넘어 현대사회에서 청소년들이 어떤 무형식학습을 하는지에 대해 이해하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다: 1) 국내유튜브와 학습 관련 연구에 근거기반의 새로운 지식을 더하며 2) 문화기술지와 장시간 참여관찰 방법을 통해, 제3자가 인터뷰만으로는 알기 어려운 가정 구성원만이 알 수 있는 지식을 생산할 수 있었고,3) 유튜브의 소비자가 아닌 생산자로서의 학습자를 연구했으며, 4) 학습자를 적극적으로 지식을 생산해내는 주체로 봄으로써 유튜브의 교육적 활용을 다른 맥락에서 접근하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다
Abstract
In this ethnographic study, I studied participant E, who is my son, producing YouTube videosonline to investigate what kinds of informal learning was occurring. E was in 6th grade during theCOVID-19 period when he first started producing YouTube videos in 2020 and in 7th grade in 2021when he finally became the YouTube Partner, which means he gets paid for view counts. Throughclose observation within the home, I found that E was teaching himself through informal learningactivities throughout this time. After 9 months of participant observation and several formal andinformal interviews, I found informal learning was happening in the following areas: 1) Digitalliteracy; 2) Reading, writing, speaking; 3) Surveys and statistics for marketing; 4) Algorithms; 5)Successful channel management; 6) Other problems encountered online; 7) Critical media literacy. Most of the informal learning occurred without assistance from the parents. However, although therewere not many direct involvement of what E was producing, the family support in the backgroundwas important for YouTube creator activity and informal learning. This study suggests what oureducation for the future should look like. It also provides educators with an alternative learner modelwhich views students as active producers of knowledge rather than consumers of knowledge.
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