체코와 한국 프롤레타리아 시의 표현양식 비교연구
A Comparative Study on the Way of Poetic Expression in the Czech and Korean Proletarian Poetry
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초록
체코와 한국의 프롤레타리아 시는 모두 대비와 비교를 통한 이분법적 편 가르기의 수사법을 광범위하게 도입하고 있지만 체코 프롤레타리아 시는 상대적으로 유비와 등비와 같은 수사법을 선호하는 반면에, 한국 프롤레타리아 시는 직유법을 더 선호한다. 이는 한국의 프롤레타리아 시가 직설적인 직유법을 통해 식민지 한국의 참담한 현실을 사실적으로 묘사하고 고발하려 하였기 때문이다. 그리고 두 나라 프롤레타리아 시가 프롤레타리아 혁명을 위한 굳건한 의지를 강철과 같은 견고한 물질에 비유한다든가, 자본가의 노동자에 대한 착취를 거미와 같은 메타포를 사용하여 표현하며, 프리미티비즘이나 과장법을 동원하여 대중화와 친밀화를 도모하는 점도 같다. 또한 정치적 구호나 선동 구호 등을 광범위하게 도입하고 있는 점도 동일하지만 유머나 기독교적 상징은 한국의 프롤레타리아 시에서는 등장하지 않으며, 민중 언어와 비표준어의 도입은 공통적이지만 상말이나 비속어의 도입은 한국 프롤레타리아 시에서 유독 나타난다. 한국의 시인들은 상말이나 비속어를 당시의 일본 제국주의와 그 앞잡이들의 무자비한 압제와 수탈에 대항하는 하나의 방편으로 사용하였다.
Abstract
One of the most important goals of Czech and Korean proletarian poetry is to promote the proletarian revolution which should secure the justice of the society and the better life of the proletariat. And for the coming revolution both of the proletarian poets try to strengthen the social consciousness with the introduction of contrast between the poor and the rich and between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. So we can find the poetic device of contrast and comparison in almost all Czech and Korean proletarian poetry. Besides contrast and comparison poetic devices like analogy, parallel, simile, and metaphor were widely made of use as well. However the difference is that Korean poets prefer simile to analogy or parallel. It was because that for Korean proletarian poetry simile was more effective poetic device to describe more realistically the tragic situation of the colonized Korean country and people under the Japanese colonization. A principle of the poetics of proletarian poetry is to produce such work as is more understandable and acceptable for the ordinary common people. To this purpose Czech and Korean proletarian poetry introduce very often naivety, primitivism, and hyperbole. Both of the proletarian poetry are oriented to familiarize the common reader with their poetry. However to balance the naivety and primitivism Czech proletarian poets introduce into their poetry humor and parody, and even irony, paradox, and grotesque while there are no such poetic expressions in Korean proletarian poetry which was under the dominant influence of serious atmosphere under the Japanese colonization. Another difference between two proletarian poetry is that only Czech proletarian poetry widely introduce Christian symbols and motives into their poetry. With these familiar Christian symbols and motives they were more easily able to familiarize the common people with the ideology of the proletarian poetry. Political slogan, poster, placard, slogan during march and parade, military slogan, and sayings and proverbs were also widely introduced into both of the proletarian poetry as an effective means of propaganda for the ideology of proletarian poetry. Czech and Korean proletarian poetry are also oriented toward the production of poetry easy enough to understand for the proletariat. So they adapt often low and simple style as well as the language of the common people in the poetic expression of their proletarian poetry. In this way they tried to make close approach to the proletariat as well as to the goal of the proletarian poetry.
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