인드르지흐 호르제이시(Jindřich Hořejší)의 프롤레타리아 시 연구

Abstract

Jindřich Hořejší's first collection of poetry Music in the Square (Hudba na náměstí; 1921) is one of the first Czech Proletarian poetry with Josef Hora's collection Working Day (Pracující den; 1920). Hořejší's first collection has many characteristics of Czech Proletarian poetry such as the contrast between the rich and the poor, the exploitation of the proletariat by bourgeoisie, suffering of the proletariat and the proletariat's class consciousness, collectivism and solidarity among the working class, and belief in the better future and social revolution. These proletarian subjects are introduced into the lyric poems like ‘Spiders of the City’ (Pavouci města), ‘The Game room’ (Herna), ‘Verse’ (Verše), ‘The Street’ (Ulice), ‘Music in the Square’. The second collection The Coral Necklace (Korálový náhrdelník; 1923) introduces a new type of love poetry or proletarian love poetry into the Czech modern poetry combining the theme of love with the theme of ideology. This kind of love poetry is realized in poems like ‘The Coral Necklace’, ‘Song’ (Píseň), ‘Melody’ (Melodie), etc. However, poems of the latter part of the collection are close to the proletarian types of the first collection. Poems like ‘The Beggars’ (Žebráci), ‘Rhythm’ (Rytmus), ‘The Automobile’ (Automobil), Annunciation (Zvěstování), and ‘In Memory of Alexandr Blok’ (In memoriam Alexandra Bloka) are good examples. The third collection Day and Night (Den a noc; 1931) is Hořejší's last collection of poetry as well as the last work of Czech Proletarian poetry itself. Of course this collection includes also non ideological poems, i.e. pure lyric poems as in his two previous collections. In addition, this collection has two ballads: one social ballad based on traditional Czech folk ballad ‘Marie Kořenová’ and one charming romantic ballad ‘Lady from the Ocean’ (Paní z námoří). In spite of this Hořejší defines this collection as a proletarian poetry dedicating the first poem of the collection (‘Za Jiřím Wolkrem’) to the great Czech proletarian poet Jiří Wolker and the last poem (‘Za Vladimírem Majakovským’) to the great Russian revolutionary poet Vladimir Majakovsky. Hořejší made a considerable contribution not only to Czech proletarian poetry but also Czech poetry in general as one of the first poets as well as the last poet of Czech proletarian poetry. He produced a considerable number of good poems like ‘Music in the Square’, ‘The Lovers’ (Milenci), ‘An Accident in the Street’ (Úraz na ulici), above all ‘Flower Saleswoman’ (Prodavačka růží) from the first collection securing the artistic quality in his tendency poetry and also pure lyric poetry like ‘Conversation’ (Rozhovor), ‘Nostalgia’ (Tesknice), and romantic ballad ‘Lady from the Ocean’. Hořejší's proletarian love poetry, for example, ‘The Coral Necklace’, ‘Song’, and ‘Melody’ are also unique in the history of Czech modern poetry.