김소월 시의 러시아어 번역 연구: <진달래꽃> 등 대표 시 8편을 중심으로

Abstract

Translation is not a simple transfer of linguistic signs, but an act of creativity, because linguistic signs contain spirits, word-view, and cultural traits of the people who use the language. It is in itself a form of meta-communication, based on a deep understanding of the source culture and context. The difficulty of translation is commonly increased by the broad differences or a gap between two languages and cultures. Translators bring these signs into the texts of their own language in a changed form to fit in the culture of the target language. Newly created texts of the target language are a complicated and multi-dimensional structure of communication that corresponds to socio-cultural environment. So we say translation equivalence must be equal to the contents of origin text in its meaning, styles, functions, etc. In order to achieve a morphological and semantic equivalence in translation in various cross-language qualitative reconfigurations are needed. Translational transformation is presented by separating it into four types; relocation, replacement, addition, ellipsis. Replacement is separated into the replacement of the word forms, replacement of the parts of speech, replacement of the sentence (restructuring syntactic structure of the sentence), syntactic changes in a complex sentence, lexical substitution, antonymous translation and compensation. This study proves various practical uses of translational transformation in the process of translation of the title of Kim Sowol's poems to minimize the loss of meaning of the original text and maximize information delivery effectiveness. This study aims to discuss the Russian translations of Kim Sowol's poetry by analyzing and comparing the selected original text with translation. Then the translation of the text was reviewed to determine whether the poet Kim Sowol's intended meaning in the original was sufficiently delivered in the translation. Some Russian translations do not perfectly replace Kim Sowol's Korean originals for Russian readers. This leads to unsatisfying result to them, since while doing so, the translations may lose atmosphere and nuance of the originals. For example, Kim & Boloshov translated ‘아우래비 접동’ into the ‘Птица плача Чоптон’ and ‘진두강 가람가’ into the ‘На Чинду-реке, около монастыря’. He translated ‘여드레 스무날’ into the ‘На восьмой двадцатого’, and ‘초하루 삭망’ in to the ‘На первый пятнадцатого’. These are an apparent mistranslation. In addition, they misunderstood and mistranslated the subject wanting to come to Wangsimni and back. I think the Russian translations of Kim Sowol's poetry are very valuable not only for Russian readers, but also for Korean scholars in the field of Russian language and literature. But I'm just worried about that Russian readers can miss the unique mood, nuance and subtle differences in Kim Sowol's Korean original poetry because of the mistranslation.