김종삼의 후기 시 다시읽기―‘죄의식’의 정동과 심리적 구조를 중심으로―

Abstract

The sense of guilty in Kim Jong-Sam’s later poetry is closely connected with reestablishing the subject. This paper aims to consider the historical meanings of self-representation in Kim's poetry by analyzing generational unconscious and family romance within its. For example, Kim's poetic subject identifies himself ‘a blind father’ as a symbol of incompetent father. ‘A blind father’ is the only self-image as a existent father in Kim’s poetry. But ironically, he wants none of it. He cannot help contradicting himself. Owing to this self-contradiction, the foreclosure of the Name-of-the-Father is caused and structured throughout Kim's poetry. For this lack of the Name-of-the-Father, the suppletions that is a substitute or a stand-in for what is missing at the level of symbolic is attempted. A world without adult men, the imaginary identification with maternal Jesus, and a fantasy of artist-community are some various forms of symbolic suppletion. But as time passes, the sense of guilty is much more stronger, and need for self-punishment and death drive are dominant over all the others in his poetry. This paper explains that the complex psychology of him originates from the unconscious desires of becoming-father. His feeling of guilt is a unconscious sign that he desires to become ‘a new father’. But the desire of becoming-father is thoroughly suppressed in Kim’s. To become ‘a new father’ may be to a primal father, neither a existent incompetent father nor a symbolic father, called the Name-of-the-Father. But a primal father is also a obscene father, according to Freud. For this reason, Kim’s poetic subject relinquishs his desire, but rather it deepens his sense of guilty. But, by reason of nursing this desire, the superego sentences the ego to a severe punishment, and the ego must die to expiate his own crime. This is why Kim’s feeling of guilt turns is gradually converted into death drive. In later poetry, Kim’s subject is identified with a man who wants his own death. To him, living a life is jouissance, a kind of deal in which pleasure and pain are presented as single packet. It means that the pleasure cannot be obtained without paying the price of suffering. In later poetry, Kim fails to become the subject of desire and his subjectivization is concluded in the subject of jouissance.