우크라이나 유로마이단의 문화적 해석: 소통과 축제, 그리고 창작의 공간
Cultural Interpretation on Ukrainian Euromaidan: Communicative, Festival and Creative Space
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초록
‘유로마이단’은 지난 2004년에 발생한 오렌지혁명을 잇는 새로운 저항운동으로서, 2013년 11월 21일 우크라이나 정부가 유럽연합과의 자유무역협정(Free Trade Agreement) 체결을 연기하는 법안을 의회에서 통과시키자, 이를 반대하는 시민들의 시위로 시작되었고 2014년 2월 18-23일 혁명으로 발전되어 기존 야누코비치 정부를 무너뜨리고 새로운 임시정부를 성립시켰다. 본 연구는 문화적 측면에서 우크라이나의 유로마이단을 분석하고, 대립과 갈등의 이면에 존재하는 긍정적이며 창의적인 측면을 찾아 볼 것이다. 유로마이단은 ‘갈등’과 ‘대립’ 이면에 ‘소통과 축제’ 및 ‘창작’의 공간으로서의 역할도 해왔다는 사실을 밝힐 것이다. 페이스북, 트위터, 블로그 등 소셜 네트워크를 통해 수집된 포스터, 슬로건, 동영상 등의 자료는 본 소고의 중요한 논거가 되고 있다.
Abstract
A Ukrainian world "Maidan" means "square" or "plaza." A wave of demonstrations and protests took place in “Maidan Nezalezhnosti” (Independece Square), which is a central plaza of Kyiv. EuroMaidan started on the night of 21 November 2013 for closer European integration. The number of protesters on the EuroMaidan became larger than the "Orange Revolution" of 2004, reaching to nearly a million by December 8. Many Ukrainians desired to join the community of European nations and wanted a corruption-free democracy in Ukraine. The Euromaidan protests embodied their desire and made it possible to break the legacy of Soviet Union. This study aims to examine the EuroMaidan from the cultural perspective, regarding it as a communicative, festival and creative space. Based on the video, picture, slogan, posters and other materials from Social Media, this study discusses that the EuroMaidan is the space not only where Ukrainians get information on the protests, but also where they motivate people and frame their protest claims. Also the EuroMaidan is the festival space where we can find carnivalesque worldview among people. At such times people become aware of the possibility of freedom from official power, and participate in the temporary illusion of complete liberty and celebration, equality and brotherhood. People in this space become so creative that they express their political opinions by using the form of folklore, popular culture and arts. Throughout this study, we can understand the dynamic cultural process in Ukraine during this revolutionary period.
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