조선조 雩祀樂章의 텍스트 양상과 의미

Abstract

With foundation of Joseon and the improvement of institutions, it was creating a medieval atmosphere, emphasized on moral duty, and in such a situation, praying ritual for rain aroused considerable controversy. Even at the era of King Sejong, they were praying for rain at Wondan, Sajik, Royal shrine, Winds and Clouds and Thunderstorms, Mountains and Rivers, Mokmyeok, Samkak, Han River, Baekak, etc., but praying ritual for rain was mainly celebrated in Wusadan. The custom of national rituals for Heaven at Wondan seemed to be arranged at the era of King Taejong, but in fact it was even implemented for considerable period at the era of King Sejong. Then, Yejo(the ministry of rituals), Jiphyeonjeon, Euiryesangjeongso, etc. participated and completed “Ohryeui”, ended the controversy over Usa. In “Ohryeui(Five Courtesies)”, Gumang, Yoksu, Chukyung, Hyeonmyeong, Hujik, etc. were presented in Usa, whereas Wonguje was missed. The object of Usa in Yeje (Courtesy Ritual) of Chinese Dynasties was Sang-je (high God), but the object of Usa at the era of King Sejong was Sang-gong, that is, Gumang, Yoksu, Chukyung, Hyeonmyeong, Hujik, etc. Thus at that time, Confucian national ritual system of medieval feudal lord country was introduced and the process or Akjang was also focused on ritual. This point is clear at the process or Akjang of Usa consisting of ‘Jeonpe Akjang -Choheon Akjang (Gumang / Chukyung / Huto / Yoksu / Hyeonmyeong / Hujik)- Cheolbyeondu Akjang.’ Gumang was the god of Spring, in charge of the sprouting and growth of crops, Chukyung, the god of Summer, the growth, Huto, land, Yoksu, the god of Fall, the fruition and harvest, and Hyeonmyeong, the god of Winter, store for Winter and preparation for Spring, respectively. By arranging Huto, the god of land after Spring and Summer, and Hujik, the god of grain after Fall and Winter, “Usa Akjang” was shown the semantic structure of “Spring (sprouting) → Summer (growth) → Growth (god of Land) → Fall (fruition and harvest) → Winter (store for winter, preparation for spring) → Grain (praying for rain and abundance).” That is, on the basis of the order of the natural cycle specified in ‘Wolryung(Moon age)’ of 『Yeki(Courtesy Record)』, praying for overcoming of drought and abundant food was shown repeatedly in “Usa Akjang”. In order to reveal such topics, author(s) implemented the intertextuality by quoting and re-assembling the main passages from Confucian scriptures, including 『Shih Ching』. Most Akjangs for rituals of Joseon Dynasty, including “Usa Akjang” were the texts based on intertextuality of Suribuzak(述而不作)(only to explain but not to create) which was called ‘Materiale Repetition.’ Faithfully accepting the words of the ancient sages and adhering to the truth rather than premature creation was the result from ‘Interpretive Humility’ of the author(s) who intended to be consistent with the Confucian order. It was also the feature that “Usa Akjang” showed strikingly as ‘Ritual Poetic Text.’