맹자의 『서경』 이해와 그 정치사상적 특징

Abstract

This study is to examine impact of Shujing (Book of Document書經), the Confucius’ best and the oldest classic, on formation of Mencius’ political ideas. For this purpose, Chapter 2 examines Mencius and how Shujing was made into Confucian scripture and discovers that Mencius not only actively utilized Shujing in writing his Mencius but he also greatly contributed to making Shujing into Confucian scripture, in other words, working on to make it one of Four Books and Three Classics (四書三經) by directly and indirectly being involved in making Shujing an original copy. Chapter 3 studies impact on birth of political power, justification, idealism and theories of process and of change. In the procedure on the birth of political power and justification, authority of Shujing was taken to prove that the public’s support is the core for the birth of political power and in case of political idealism, the harmony of raising(養民) and educating people(敎民), the two axes of benign rule (仁政) and Shujing was also highly utilized in formation of theory of educating Oryun(五倫))-oriented people and of theory of raising people at the level of social welfare. The theory of political process was in line with Shujing regarding recognition of people/military/god, pretension theory and view of civilization history. Lastly, as to the political change, authority of Shujing was utilized for justification on ruler’s vigilance and revolution and; classification and justification of liberation war and aggressive one. It means Shujing heavily influenced the gamut of Mencius’ political ideas. This study verifies that Shujing, in particular, greatly affected Mencius’ people-oriented principle, for-the-people principle, theory of heaven’s command, benign-rule kingcraft politics theory, theory of a virtuous man’s being monarch, , driving out a tyrant theory(放伐論) and theory of liberation war.