정당화와 타자화의 정치·종교적 기능: 수니-시아파 갈등 담론 양적분석
Politico-Religious Functions of Legitimation and Otherization: A Quantitative Analysis of Discourse of Sunni-Shia Conflict
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초록
본 연구는 각국의 국내 정치 역학과 역내 수니-시아파 갈등간 상관관계가 있다는 가설을 바탕으로 한다. 특히, 종파갈등이 상당 부분 정치적으로 이용되어 정당화(Legitimation)와 타자화(Otherization) 두 이념적 기능을 갖는다는 점을 규명하고자 한다. 이 가설을 검증하기위해 본 연구는 ’수니(Sunni)’와 ‘시아(Shia)’ 두 단어를 검색어로 알-자지라 잉글리쉬(Al Jazeera English) 홈페이지에서 이라크 전쟁이 발발한2003년부터 2023년까지 21년 동안의 기사를 수집해 특정 규칙이나 패턴을 찾아내는 데이터 마이닝(data mining) 연구를 수행하였다. 수집된 기사는 R 기반 데이터 마이닝 패키지를 이용해 분석되었다. 특히 수니와 시아 두 단어와 관련한 주요 키워드를 공기어(co-occurance) 분석을 통해도출하였고, 이 키워드를 다시 잠재 디리클레 할당(LDA: Latent Dirichlet Allocation) 기반 토픽(topic) 모델링 분석을 통해 종파갈등의담론적 기능에 담긴 핵심 사안과 원인 그리고 동향을 추적하였다. 마지막으로 감정 모델(Emotion Model)을 활용하여 텍스트 데이터 속의 감정과그 연관성을 양적 데이터로 파악하였다.
Abstract
Sectarian conflict is frequently mentioned in analyzing the regional hegemony competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran. However, empirical examination of the reality and function of the Sunni-Shiite conflict discourse is rare. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate how much sectarian conflict has been utilized politically especially in terms of two ideological functions: legitimmation and otherization. To test this hypothesis, this study used two words 'Sunni' and 'Shia' as search terms on the Al Jazeera English website from 2003, when the Iraq War broke out, to 2023. The collected articles were analyzed using an R-based data mining package. In this process, Co-occurrence analysis, Topic Modelling analysis based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Emotion Modelling analysis were conducted to identify the key issues, causes, and trends surrounding the sectarian conflicts.
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