단군 홍익인간과 수운 시천주의 의미 및 수련법 연구

Abstract

This paper compares the meaning and training methods of Dangun Hongik Ingan and the meaning and incantation training methods of Suun Sicheonju. For Dangun, the meaning of Hongik Ingan was ‘Hongdoikjung.’ In other words, it meant “expanding the Tao to benefit the public.” Here, the meaning of Tao can be broadly divided into two explanations. One was explained in terms of surname, name, and jeong at the level of heaven. The Sung(性) is the ‘heart of heaven’, the Meong(命) is the ‘command of heaven’, and the Jeong(精) is the ‘body of heaven.’ The meaning of the second path has come down to the human mind. This is called ‘Sim, Ki, and Shin’ in 「Samil Shingo」. Shim is the human mind, Qi is what transmits the human mind to the body, and God is the human body, and when Qi is generated from the mind and transmitted to the body, the body takes action. This is where human evil arises, and training is needed to return the evil to its original, good existence. In that way, when the three true elements and the three false elements are opposing each other and creating various different paths, if you breathe evenly, your mind will become at ease and you will not engage in foolish actions such as following other things. This was put into practice in the Dangun myth, where a bear and a tiger ate garlic and mugwort and practiced without seeing the light for 21 days. The bear endured and succeeded, but the tiger could not endure and became human. Suun’s ‘Sicheonju’ means serving Hanulnim. The meaning of Hanulnim is clearly revealed in the 21-character spell. The 21 characters are ‘Jijigeumji Wonwi Daegang Sicheonju JoHwajeong Eternal Immortal Mansaji’. In explaining the first part of the incantation, 'Jigi', Suun said that Ji means the supreme ruler, and that Ki is 'empty yet divine, not interfering with anything, not commanding anything, but it seems to have a shape, but it is difficult to shape and sound. He said, ‘It is an energy that is the same but difficult to see.’ In Suun, ‘Jigi’, or the essence of existence, is something that presides over everything, but it is a being that is difficult to define. This is almost similar to Dangun's concept of heaven. Dangun also spoke of the sky and said, ‘The blue thing above is not the sky. It is difficult to define what it is, but it is the sky that rules over everything.’ Looking at this alone, there is no difference in the concept of truth between Dangun and Suun. The only difference is the training method of how to make the sky given to us our own. In Dangun, it is said that the training method to make the sky your own is possible by avoiding sunlight for 100 days, eating garlic and mugwort in a cave, and breathing evenly. However, for Su-un, the training method was to recite a 21-character spell without stopping. The methods are different, but the goals they want to reach are not different. The goal of both is to prevent distracting thoughts from occurring. Dangun was to focus on breathing to prevent other thoughts from destroying the sky, and Suun was to focus on a 21-character spell to prevent other distracting thoughts from intruding. Then, Hanulnim, whom he worshiped, would be raised. In the end, the purpose of Dangundo training was to rule this world with morality. Water transport was also about making this world a paradise on earth. The way that Dangun wanted to rule this world was none other than a world ruled by a saint who did not give in to greed, and Su-un was also a world ruled by a saint who diligently memorized the 21-character spell and became a saint to rule this world as heaven.