The Interplay of Chinese and Western Worldviews Liang Qichao’s View of Japan and Korea in the 1900s
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The majority of scholarly studies have suggested that the intellectual landscape of late Qing China at the point when the Qing dynasty was on the verge of collapse was marked by numerous reform- and revolution-minded intellectuals who experienced a drastic ontological and epistemological shift from the long-standing Sino-centric, Confucian, and tributary worldview to the Western-introduced ideas and values of nationalism, nation-state, treaty system, and modernization. These studies have pointed out that the full-scale contact and confrontation with the West severely damaged the traditional Chinese worldview of Confucian universalism and culturalism, which regarded China not as one of numerous nations in the world but as a world or as the center of the world, causing it to lose its intellectual significance and contemporary relevance to many Chinese intellectuals. Having lived as an intellectual in exile in Japan between 1898 and 1912, Liang Qichao is often introduced as a representative example of those Chinese intellectuals who underwent a shift from traditional to Western ideas and values. However, this paper sheds new light on Liang Qichao’s intellectual trajectory during those years by focusing on his view of Japan and Korea, which shows that his age-old Sino-centric, tributary mindset was integrated with his Western-adopted nationalist worldview.
Abstract
The majority of scholarly studies have suggested that the intellectual landscape of late Qing China at the point when the Qing dynasty was on the verge of collapse was marked by numerous reform- and revolution-minded intellectuals who experienced a drastic ontological and epistemological shift from the long-standing Sino-centric, Confucian, and tributary worldview to the Western-introduced ideas and values of nationalism, nation-state, treaty system, and modernization. These studies have pointed out that the full-scale contact and confrontation with the West severely damaged the traditional Chinese worldview of Confucian universalism and culturalism, which regarded China not as one of numerous nations in the world but as a world or as the center of the world, causing it to lose its intellectual significance and contemporary relevance to many Chinese intellectuals. Having lived as an intellectual in exile in Japan between 1898 and 1912, Liang Qichao is often introduced as a representative example of those Chinese intellectuals who underwent a shift from traditional to Western ideas and values. However, this paper sheds new light on Liang Qichao’s intellectual trajectory during those years by focusing on his view of Japan and Korea, which shows that his age-old Sino-centric, tributary mindset was integrated with his Western-adopted nationalist worldview.
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