에티오피아 민족정체성의 역사적 맥락화 고찰 -티그라이와 오로모 민족정체성을 중심으로-
Historical Contextualization of Ethiopian Ethnic Identity －Centering on The Oromo and Tigray Identities－
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Abiy Ahmed Ali, who took office as prime minister on April 2, 2018, implemented a reform policy to abolish ethnic federalism and create a centralized governance structure. Abiy’s reform policy, which can be seen as a process of nation building, resulted in intensifying confrontation between ethnic groups and regions and increased violence and protests. The resistance of the Oromo people, Ethiopia’s largest ethnic group, and the outbreak of the Tigray Conflict raise fundamental questions about Ethiopia’s national identity, along with serious challenges regarding Abiy’s reform policy. Ethiopia’s national identity has historically undergone a process of ethinicisation through political struggle. In 1991, The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) led the national liberation movement, overthrowing the military regime and implementing ethnic federalism. The introduction of ethnic federalism can be evaluated as an effort to manage Ethiopia's ethnic and language-based diversity and to build a state that can reduce confrontation and conflict. However, the Oromo resistance and the Tigrai conflict are examples of historical contextualization of ethnic identities in Ethiopia. Ethiopia's wrong governance can be expressed as conflicts and disputes between ethnic groups and regions at any time by contextualizing ethnic identities. After all, the fundamental problem facing Ethiopia today is the process of nation building a new state in harmony with national identities. Ethiopia needs a comprehensive national dialogue on ethnic federalism as a way to overcome the current political difficulties.
Abstract
Abiy Ahmed Ali, who took office as prime minister on April 2, 2018, implemented a reform policy to abolish ethnic federalism and create a centralized governance structure. Abiy’s reform policy, which can be seen as a process of nation building, resulted in intensifying confrontation between ethnic groups and regions and increased violence and protests. The resistance of the Oromo people, Ethiopia’s largest ethnic group, and the outbreak of the Tigray Conflict raise fundamental questions about Ethiopia’s national identity, along with serious challenges regarding Abiy’s reform policy. Ethiopia’s national identity has historically undergone a process of ethinicisation through political struggle. In 1991, The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) led the national liberation movement, overthrowing the military regime and implementing ethnic federalism. The introduction of ethnic federalism can be evaluated as an effort to manage Ethiopia's ethnic and language-based diversity and to build a state that can reduce confrontation and conflict. However, the Oromo resistance and the Tigrai conflict are examples of historical contextualization of ethnic identities in Ethiopia. Ethiopia's wrong governance can be expressed as conflicts and disputes between ethnic groups and regions at any time by contextualizing ethnic identities. After all, the fundamental problem facing Ethiopia today is the process of nation building a new state in harmony with national identities. Ethiopia needs a comprehensive national dialogue on ethnic federalism as a way to overcome the current political difficulties.
참고문헌 (60)
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