동아시아 <孔子·童子問答> 전승의 연원 고찰

Abstract

The narrative type of the Dispute between Confucius and a Child inEast Asia contains a story that Confucius met Xiang-Tuo or an unknownchild to quarrel on the way, dispute for wisdom through language competition,and result in the defeat of himself. In this study I researched theorigin of the narrative type paying attention to the figure legends of Confuciusand Xiang-Tuo, thereby tried to overcome the limitation of precedingresearches that have relyed on methodology of historical investigation. The archetypes of this narrative type can be found in the hermit fables ofthe Zhuang-tzu and the Confucian Analects. Especially, the article Da-Xiang-Dang-Ren in the Confucian Analects has a similar structure with the hermitfable, the character had been considered as same figure with Xiang-Tuo. InTaoist transmission, the Confucius visites Lao-tzu iconographies among theImage Stones in Han Dynasty, utterances in the Biographies of NobleHermits by Ji-Gang, and the article Xiang-Tuo among the Poems of NobleHermits by Wu-Jun are worth to consider. In these, Lao-tzu was figured asa great master of all including Confucius, Xiang-Tuo and Yan-Hui as youngsaints. Also Xiang-Tuo legend had been involed in disputes of Three Religons. In some Apocrypha of the Buddism, Lao-tzu, Confucius, and Yan-Hui orXiang-Tuo were named like as the Buddist missionaries, Yan-Hui andXiang-Tuo were figured as young saints, even Confucius as a image ofchild. Meanwhile, the origin and change of this narrative type could be broadllytraced in the quarrel tales between seniors and juniors belong to certain hierachy. A quarrel tale between Confucius and two children in the chapterTang-Wen of the Lie-tzu, a wisdom tale of young prince in the chapterSu-Hui of A New Account of the Tales of the World were just earlyexamples. In the Records Expanding Your Face were founded various funnytales which parody canons or doctrins of Three Religions and many tales oflanguage competition between a chief Buddhist monk and his youngdisciple, a Confucian teacher and his pupil, a father in law and his son inlaw. Also the structure of ask and answer, the motives of language competitivetale showed in the DunHuang scripts Document of Dispute betweenConfucius and Xiang-Tuo could be detected in the Talks between Confuciusand ZiYu of 7th century script, Wooden tablets of Han-Jin period, and theFu of An-tzu excavated in DunHuang.