공자와 부처 : 『논어』 주석사적 전통에서 바라본 유교와 불교의 교섭양상

Abstract

In the history of East Asian thought, there was numerous interchanges of thoughts between Laoism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Confucianism. It can be said that this is one of the ways how it was developed. To be specific, was not only Confucianism reborn as a new type of Confucianism after converging with Buddhism, but also Buddhism was reborn as a Chinese Buddhism after converging with Confucianism. In this process, these two thoughts experienced mutual osmosis and it provided a meeting place to Kongzi and Buddha, two main saints of the two thoughts. Meanwhile, this interchange of two thoughts have both similarities and differences. That is, in case that Confucianism incorporated Buddhism into their ideology, we can examine the essence of this incorporation through the Analects 論語 study of Huang Kan 黃侃, Xie Liangzuo 謝良佐, Zhu xi 朱熹, and Li Zhuowu 李卓吾, on the other hand, in case that Buddhism incorporated Confucianism into their ideology, we can find the patchwork of this incorporation through the Lunyu Shuo 論語說 of Zhixu Chanshi 智旭禪師. The meeting between Kongzi and Buddha, which can also refer to the contact between Confucianism and Buddhism, began by Huang Kan and it was based on the Analects. At the beginning, the convergence of Confucianism and Buddhism started with imitating the counterpart’s writing style, and then was developed as borrowing the Buddhist ideology to interpret Confucianism. At the end, it reached to conform the possibility that Confucianism and Buddhism are able to communicate each other; or, some scholars even believed that there is equivalence between them. On the other hand, in case that Buddhism incorporated Confucianism into their ideology, even though it is same as the counterpart in that it also tried to find their similarities, the difference that Buddha is a saint who has by far more dignified personality than Kongzi was demonstrated. However, provided that Buddhism also aggressively accepted the Confucian thought that focused on the extraneous substance, it is evident that the interchange between Confucianism and Buddhism showed their strong eagerness to understand the counterpart. Consequently, this study is worthwhile for following four reasons: first, it examines harmonious of Confucianism and Buddhism, which also refers in this article to the meeting between Kongzi and Buddhism, by focusing on the Analects, second, it considers the aspect of the interchange of their thoughts with the angle of the history of classical studies 經學, third, it evaluates the new aspect of the classical studies during the Ming Dynasty, and fourth, it reveals the appearance and meaning of the interchange of two disparate thoughts.