식민지 조선과 대만의 창씨개명․개성명 비교 연구

Abstract

This study is to comparatively review the history where Koreans and Taiwaneses were forced to change their names to Japanese-style names during the Japanese colonial era. The renaming policy was not only to change the names of Koreans and Taiwaneses to Japanese-style names but also to change their family systems to Japanese-style family and surname systems. Korea was remarkably different from Taiwan in relation to execution of the renaming policy. The Japanese Government-General of Korea attempted to change Koreans’ surname system to Japanese system from the late 1910s,but it could not be easily enacted due to Koreans’ opposition and the collision against their traditional family system. Contrarily the Japanese Government-General of Taiwan began to change Taiwanese family units in accordance with Japanese civil law from the early 1930s, in cooperation with administrative agencies and the machinery of law. Moreover, it announced that Taiwanese surname system is equal to that of Japan. The reason why the renaming policy was executed more easily in Taiwan than in Joseon was that Taiwanese custom was more suitable for Japanese civil law. The Japanese government forced its colonies to supply human and physical resources more strongly after the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, and then the mood for renaming was built up. In 1939 the Japanese Government-General of Joseon amended Article 11 of Joseon Civil Affairs Ordinance, and legally forced Koreans to change their surnames and even forenames, and moreover administratively cracked down on Koreans who did not change their names. In Taiwan where the Japanese-style surname system was being already putted in force, the Japanese Government-General of Taiwan allowed the use of Japanese-style surnames and forenames,catching up with that of Joseon. Unlike in Joseon, however, the Japanese Government-General of Taiwan formulated internal regulations and allowed specified Taiwaneses to use Japanese-style surnames. The reason why Korea was different from Taiwan in execution of the renaming policy was because of the differences in kinship and common law.