사제동행 과학진로체험활동 프로그램 참여를 통한 교육 소외계층 학생들의 과학정체성 변화 탐색
Exploring the Changes in Science Identity of Educationally Underprivileged Students through Participation in Science Career Experience Activities with their Science Teacher
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초록
본 연구에서는 과학에 흥미와 적성을 가진 소외계층 학생들의 과학정체성이 과학진로체험활동 프로그램 참여를 통해 어떻게 변화하는지를 탐색하여 프로그램의 효과성을 검토하고 이들을 과학기술인재로 양성하기 위한 방안에 대해 논의하였다. 이공계 분야에 흥미를 가지고 있지만 가정환경, 성별, 지역적 여건 등으로 교육적 지원이 요구되는 학생들이 학교별3명 이내로 과학교사와 함께 팀을 이루어 10개월 동안 과학진로체험활동 프로그램에 참여하였다. 중학교 30팀, 고등학교 80 팀이 참여하였으며 이 중 사전·사후 과학정체성 검사에 참여한 197명을 대상으로 과학정체성의 변화와 과학진로포부에 영향을 미치는 과학참여 요인의 변화를 대응표본 t-검정과 다중회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과, 사전검사에서 학생들의과학진로포부와 과학자아개념은 낮은 편이었고 과학참여에 있어 과학수업 참여만이 보통 이상의 수준을 보였다. 그러나 프로그램 참여 이후 학교 밖 과학참여 수준은 유의미하게 향상되었으며 과학진로포부에 유일하게 영향을 미치던 가정에서의 참여와 더불어 영향을 주는 요인으로 변화되었다. 과학자아개념에 대해서도 과학수업 참여와 학교 밖 과학참여의 영향은 가정에서의 참여보다 낮았으나 프로그램 참여 이후 가정에서의 참여보다 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 변화되었다. 특히 여학생은 과학자아개념과 과학교사에 대한 인식 수준이 낮았으나 프로그램 참여 이후 유의미하게 향상되었으며 과학자아개념에서의 성별 차이 역시 사라지게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 과학진로체험활동 프로그램 참여를 통해 과학정체성을 구성하는 요인은 물론 요인들 사이의 관계 또한 변화하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 교사-학생 상호작용을 포함하는 학교 밖 과학참여의 교육적 효과와 교육 소외계층 학생들의 긍정적인 과학정체성 형성에 기여하는 교육적 중재에 대해 논의하고 이들을 과학기술인재로 양성하도록 지원하는 방안을 제언하였다.
Abstract
This study explored how the science identity of underprivileged students with interest in science changes through participation in science career experience programs. Three or less students from secondary schools teamed up with their science teachers to participate in the program for 10 months. A total of 197 students responded to pre- and post-science identity tests. The paired t-test and multiple regression were conducted to analyze the changes in scientific identity after program participation; and the effects of science-related participation on science career aspirations and self-perceptions in science, respectively. Analysis revealed the changes in the factors that construct science identity, as well as the relationship between the factors, after the program. The level of out-of-school participation has significantly improved and been transformed into a relevant factor along with home-based participation, the only associating factor on science career aspirations. The effect of science-class participation and out-of-school participation on self-perceptions in science was also lower than the effect of home-based participation, but after the program, it was changed to have a greater impact than the home-based participation. Especially, female students showed significant improvement in self-perceptions and perceptions of science teacher after the program and gender differences were removed in science-related self-perceptions.
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