과학 관련 진로에 대한 포부가 낮은 초등 4학년 학생들의 과학 정체성 탐색
Exploring Korean 4th Graders’ Career Aspirations in Science with a Focus on Science Identity
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참고문헌
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초록
이 연구는 과학 정체성 개념을 사용하여 초등학교 4학년 학생들의 과학 관련 진로에 대한 포부를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구를 위해 2013년 서울에 소재한 3개 초등학교의 4학년 학생들을 대상으로 한 과학 활동 경험에 대한 설문조사에서 과학에 대한 흥미는 높으나 관련 진로 포부가 낮다고 보고한 학생들(N=45)을 선별하였다. 이 가운데 연구 참여에 동의한 19명 학생들을 대상으로 과학 정체성(흥미, 능력, 타인에 의한 인정) 및 과학 관련 활동의 경험과 인식에 대해 심층 면담을 진행하였다. 면담에서 대부분의 학생들은 제한적이거나 상황적으로 유발되는 과학에 대한 흥미를 보였으며, 자신의 과학 능력과 과학 진로를 위해 필요한 능력의 차이, 또는 긍정적이지 않은 타인의 평가에 대한 인식을 가지고 있었다. 또한, 참여자들의 과학 정체성과 과학 관련 진로에 대한 낮은 포부는 과학 관련 활동에 대한 그들의 관심과 참여를 제한하였다. 참여자들은 대부분 상황적인 흥미를 유발시키는 일회적인 활동에 관심을 보였고, 실제 이러한 활동에 참여하였다. 이들은 자신들이 하는 활동이 과학 진로를 원하는 학생이 하는 활동과 다르다고 분명하게 구분하였고, 자신들의 능력이 부족하거나, 과학 관련 진로와 관련된다고 판단되는 활동들을 기피하였다. 참여자들의 부정적인 과학 정체성과 관련 진로에 대한 낮은 포부는 이들의 과학 관련 진로에 대한 높은 기준에 바탕을 두고 있었다. 이들의 잘못된 과학 관련 진로에 대한 인식과 기대는 참여자들이 자신과 과학 관련 진로 학생과의 차이를 갖게 하고, 과학 관련 진로를 선택하기에 과학에 대한 흥미, 능력, 타인의 평가가 충분하지 않다고 판단하도록 하였다. 이러한 결과는 과학과 관련하여 어린 학생들의 현재 상태를 파악하고, 과학 관련 진로에 대한 포부를 높이기 위한 활동의 목표와 전략을 모색하는데 함의를 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore why Korean 4th graders’ interest in science was not connected to career aspirations in science using the perspective of science identity. Forty-five students with a high interest in science but with low science-related aspirations have been chosen from 488 elementary school students who have completed a questionnaire exploring students’ interest and career aspirations in science. Among them, 19 who have received parental permission participated in in-depth interviews examining students’ science identities (interest, competence, and recognition by others in science) and their experiences and perceptions of science-related activities. The results showed that most students have limited or situational interest in science, a gap between the perception of their competence in science and their competence for a science-related career, and negative recognition by others in science. Also, participants’ science identities and low aspirations for a science-related career constrained their attention and participation in science-related activities. Students’ negative science identities and low aspirations for science-related careers were based on the high standards of science-related careers. It seems that these erroneous perceptions and expectations led them to differentiate themselves from students pursuing science-related careers, as well as to perceive that their interest, competence, and recognition by others in science were not enough to pursue a science-related career. This study has implications for understanding the current condition of young students with low aspirations for science careers and exploring desirable objectives and strategies to promote activities to raise their aspirations for science-related careers.
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