여자 대학생들의 직업포부는 어떻게 형성되는가?:가정과 노동시장에서의 성별 분업에 대한 인식과 대응 양식을 중심으로
How are occupational aspirations formed among female college students?: Focusing on recognitions of the gender division of labor in the home and labor market and coping strategies
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이 연구는 가정과 노동시장에서의 성별 분업에 대한 인식에 따라 여자 대학생들의 직업포부가 어떻게 형성되는가를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 연구자는 계층과 전공 계열이 다른 13명의 여자 대학생들과 3명의 대학의 취업지원 담당자들과 심층면담을 실시하였다. 조사 결과 부모들은 여자 대학생들에게 원하는 일을 하라고 권유하면서도, 부모들이 선호하는 직업을 갖기를 희망하고 있었다. 또한 부모들은 여자 대학생들에게 여성이 진출하기 용이한 안정된 직업을 갖도록 권하였다. 이는 여성이 가사 및 육아와 직업을 동시에 병행해야 한다고 인식하기 때문이었다. 한편 대부분의 여자 대학생들은 여성에 대한 비우호적인 담론의 영향으로 노동시장에 대해 부정적으로 인식하고 있었고, 가정과 노동시장에서의 성별 분업에 따른 구조적 제약에 대응하여 직업포부를 조정해 나갔다. 여자 대학생들의 직업포부에서의 대응은 크게 다섯 가지로 정리해 볼 수 있다. 첫째 육아와 가사를 병행하기 좋은 직업, 둘째 결혼과 출산 후 이직 가능한 직업, 셋째 경제적 독립과 안정성이 보장된 직업, 넷째 성차별이 적다고 알려진 고위 전문직, 다섯째, 노동시장에서의 경험을 통한 구조적 제약 극복이었다.
Abstract
This research analysed how female college students form occupational aspiration according to recognitions of the gender division of labor in the home and labor market. For this, researcher conducted interviews with 13 female college students and 3 career guidance managers of university. The findings indicate that while parents advise female college students to do what they want, they actually hope that their daughters will get class-based particular occupations. Also, they suggest female college students should get “stable occupations” (favorable to women) so as to balance family and occupation and avoid discrimination against women in the labor market. Meanwhile, female college students have a negative perception about the labor market because of unfavorable discourse on women, and change their occupational aspiration to overcome structural constraints. Their coping strategies in occupational aspirations can be divided into five types. The first way is to select occupations which enable them to fulfill their dual responsibilities to their family and occupation. The second way is to choose occupations which they can keep after marriage or childbirth. The third way is to choose stable occupations that guarantee economic independence and stability. The fourth way is choose jobs in professional fields less known for sexual discrimination. The fifth way is to overcome structural constrains by making use of their labor market experiences. The findings indicate that while parents advise female college students to do what they want, they actually hope that their daughters will get class-based particular occupations. Also, they suggest female college students should get “stable occupations” (favorable to women) so as to balance family and occupation and avoid discrimination against women in the labor market. Meanwhile, female college students have a negative perception about the labor market because of unfavorable discourse on women, and change their occupational aspiration to overcome structural constraints. Their coping strategies in occupational aspirations can be divided into five types. The first way is to select occupations which enable them to fulfill their dual responsibilities to their family and occupation. The second way is to choose occupations which they can keep after marriage or childbirth. The third way is to choose stable occupations that guarantee economic independence and stability. The fourth way is choose jobs in professional fields less known for sexual discrimination. The fifth way is to overcome structural constrains by making use of their labor market experiences.
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