高麗와 宋ㆍ元代 漆工藝 교류 연구
A Study on the Exchange of Lacquer Craftsmanship between the Goryeo Dynasty and the Song and Yuan Dynasties
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참고문헌
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초록
10~14세기 동아시아 韓ㆍ中 양국은 각각 高麗, 그리고 중국의 宋代(北宋과 南宋), 遼代, 金代, 元代 등을 거치었다. 본 논문은 문헌 기록, 圖像 및 漆器 유물에 대한 종합적인 정리 및 조사 연구를 통해 한국과 중국의 시대별 漆工藝 교류의 활발한 양상을 제시하였다. 正史인 『高麗史』, 『高麗史節要』, 『宋史』, 『遼史』, 『金史』, 『元史』과 政書인 『玉海』, 『宋會要輯稿』 등을 통해 高麗와 宋ㆍ元代 漆工藝 교류의 상세한 史例가 기록되어 활발한 실상을 입증하였다. 게다가 현재 양국에 朝貢, 回賜나 貿易 등 방식으로 남아있는 교류를 받았던 漆器 유물 및 벽화, 회화, 造像에 묘사된 漆器 圖像은 韓ㆍ中 漆工藝 연구의 핵심 실증 자료이다. 본 논문은 이상 언급된 자료의 사료 문헌 및 유물의 조형, 기법, 재료 분석 연구를 통해 韓ㆍ中 漆工藝 교류의 시기, 유형, 형식과 더불어 漆工藝의 전파, 수용, 변용 과정을 체계적으로 제시함으로써, 高麗와 宋ㆍ元代 漆工藝 교류 명확한 양상을 제시하였다. 아울러 양국 문화 교류의 雙方向性과 동아시아 예술 발전의 整體性을 밝힐 수 있다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.
Abstract
Between the 10th and 14th centuries, the two nations of East Asia—Korea and China—each underwent several eras: Goryeo (高麗) in Korea, and in China, the Song dynasty (宋代, Northern and Southern Song), the Liao dynasty (遼代), the Jin dynasty (金代), and the Yuan dynasty (元代). This paper presents the dynamic and active nature of lacquer craftsmanship exchanges between Korea and China across these periods through a comprehensive study of historical records, images, and lacquerware artifacts. Based on official histories such as Goryeosa (高麗史), Goryeosa Jeolyo (高麗史節要), Songshi (宋史), Liaoshi (遼史), Jinshi (金史), Yuanshi (元史), as well as governmental compilations such as Yuhai (玉海) and Song Huiyao Jigao (宋會要輯稿), this study verifies the vibrant realities of lacquer craft exchanges between the Goryeo dynasty and the Song-Yuan periods through detailed historical examples. Moreover, lacquerware artifacts and lacquer-related images depicted in murals, paintings, and sculptures—many of which were exchanged through tribute, gift, or trade between the two countries—serve as crucial empirical evidence for understanding Korea-China lacquer craft interactions. Through the analysis of historical documents and the examination of the form, technique, and materials of related artifacts, this paper systematically elucidates the chronology, types, and modes of lacquer craft exchange, as well as the processes of transmission, adaptation, and transformation of lacquer techniques between Goryeo and the Song-Yuan dynasties. In doing so, it clarifies the concrete aspects of Korea-China lacquer craft exchange during this period and underscores its significance in revealing the reciprocal nature of cultural interaction and the integrated development of East Asian art.