제주4·3과 그리스 내전 비교 연구 ― 미국의 역할을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

The Cold War really began in the latter part of the 1940's through the Truman Doctrine and ‘containment’ policy. The Greek civil war(1947-1949) and Jeju April 3 resistance(1948-1949), which were mostly involved with the U.S. intervention, broke out at that time. In the milieu of the Cold War, the U.S. policy focused its attention aggressively on stopping the expansionism of the Soviet Union. In this period of the Cold War, the U.S. concentrated on “eliminating communist rebellion and its effect in Greece.” Like in the Greek civil war, this was done with reference to Jeju April 3 case in Korea, located in the far East. The U.S. ran into troubles due to the situations as follows; the Greek Leftists had taken their root deeply in the common society, cultural place, and the politics in Greece because of their resistance against Nazi invaders during the World war II and the postwar circumstance; They came to form the mainstream in the Greek political world. Furthermore, unlike the U.S. viewpoint on the politics, never did most Greeks including middle-of-the-roader politicians want to prosecute bloody civil war in Greece. Eventually, the U.S. decision-makers found the most stable allies among the Rightists in the Greek political world. The U.S. used to do political manipulations on the purpose of establishing a pro-American and anticommunist regime in Greece. It destabilized another regime which had not been thought to be close to the U.S. In the Korean peninsular, the U.S. purposed to set up a pro-American government; it needed to quell Jeju April 3 throughly for the successful single election for South Korea only. However, the U.S. avoided showing its direct interventions to suppress resistances in Greece and Jeju. It wanted to quell resistances by the hands of Korean military and the police, by virtue of Greek government forces, with concealing its virtual role in the suppressions; it planned operations to oppress resistances; it provided rich military aid for its allies; with all these actions, it pretended that it was not related with conflicts. The U.S. was a concealed party of the massacre in Korea and Greece, but the bloodsheds and tragedies were fully alloted to Koreans and Greeks only.