1950년대 미국의 상호방위원조의 한국 적용과정 - 미국의 한국보고서 내용을 중심으로 -
Application of the U.S. Mutual Defense Assistance Program to South Korea in the 1950s - based on he U.S. report on South Korea -
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초록
The U.S. economic aid to South Korea in the 1950s was provided through an assistance program, the Mutual Defence Support after the Korean War because the country was seen to have military significance as a forward base against the Soviet Union. The main goal of U.S. policy on South Korea was the strengthening of the nation’s economic system to help fulfill the security needs of the U.S. Accordingly, the U.S. economic aid was initiated by highlighting the potential military threats from outside Korea, and such aid was considered a key measure to sustain South Korea’s military forces composed of about 20 divisions with an aim to build up the nation’s self-defence power. As such, the U.S. economic assistance to South Korea was designed to support the latter’s rather excessively-assigned defence mission, and was operated under the strong influence of the U.S. military. However, as the military forces of South Korea placed a significant burden to the country’s yet underdeveloped economy, working-level field officials began to criticize the economic aid program from the mid 1950s and tried to devise new approaches to the program. And such efforts translated into technology training and education programs to foster specialists from a long-term perspective. This, nevertheless, did not mean the change of the nature of the economic support to South Korea through the Mutual Defense Assistance. It was a part of the continued implementation of the same Mutual Defense Assistance program; the only difference was that the program was to be carried out from a longer-term perspective. Although there were many conflicting ideas and arguments about supporting South Korea, e.g., some claimed the country has no economic value and others asserted the nation had little or great significance in defending Japan, what the U.S. cared most about in the 1950s was how its measures taken in South Korea would affect other free countries in Asia. That is, the prime concern of the U.S. was “if its policy fails to produce positive outcome in South Korea, other Asian nations would not have faith in the commitment by the U.S. and the capitalist system to engage in those countries and deliver promises.” Ultimately, the Mutual Defense Assistance program in the 1950s was applied to South Korea with a symbolic meaning as a test bed in Asia.
Abstract
The U.S. economic aid to South Korea in the 1950s was provided through an assistance program, the Mutual Defence Support after the Korean War because the country was seen to have military significance as a forward base against the Soviet Union. The main goal of U.S. policy on South Korea was the strengthening of the nation’s economic system to help fulfill the security needs of the U.S. Accordingly, the U.S. economic aid was initiated by highlighting the potential military threats from outside Korea, and such aid was considered a key measure to sustain South Korea’s military forces composed of about 20 divisions with an aim to build up the nation’s self-defence power. As such, the U.S. economic assistance to South Korea was designed to support the latter’s rather excessively-assigned defence mission, and was operated under the strong influence of the U.S. military. However, as the military forces of South Korea placed a significant burden to the country’s yet underdeveloped economy, working-level field officials began to criticize the economic aid program from the mid 1950s and tried to devise new approaches to the program. And such efforts translated into technology training and education programs to foster specialists from a long-term perspective. This, nevertheless, did not mean the change of the nature of the economic support to South Korea through the Mutual Defense Assistance. It was a part of the continued implementation of the same Mutual Defense Assistance program; the only difference was that the program was to be carried out from a longer-term perspective. Although there were many conflicting ideas and arguments about supporting South Korea, e.g., some claimed the country has no economic value and others asserted the nation had little or great significance in defending Japan, what the U.S. cared most about in the 1950s was how its measures taken in South Korea would affect other free countries in Asia. That is, the prime concern of the U.S. was “if its policy fails to produce positive outcome in South Korea, other Asian nations would not have faith in the commitment by the U.S. and the capitalist system to engage in those countries and deliver promises.” Ultimately, the Mutual Defense Assistance program in the 1950s was applied to South Korea with a symbolic meaning as a test bed in Asia.
참고문헌 (22)
- "Korea, Seoul Embassy, Classified General Records 1953-1955, Entry Seoul, Korea, 1950-55, Box 15", RG 84, ~
- "Korea, Seoul Mission and Embassy, Classified General Records 1953-1955, Box 16", RG 84, ~
- "Office of the Deputy Director for Operations (1953-1961), Office of Far Eastern Operations, Entry 422, Korea Subject Files, 1953-1959, 1953-1954, Program-Program: CEB, Box 16", RG 469, ~
- "Office of the Deputy Director for Operations (1953-1961), Office of Far Eastern Operations, Entry 422, Korea Subject Files, 1953-1959, 1955, Program, Box 40, RG 469, Office of the Deputy Director for Operations (1953-1961), Office of Far Eastern Operations, Entry 422, Korea Subject Files, 1953-1961, 1955, Personnel: Welfare-Program-FY 54 & 55, Box 39, Program, 1955", RG 469, ~ (1955)
- "Office of the Deputy Director for Operations(1953-1961), Office of Far Eastern Operations, Entry 422, Korea Subject Files, 1953-1959, 1956, Program-Program CEB Documents, 56-299, Box 61, Korea-Program, 1956", RG 469, ~ (1956)
- "Office of the Deputy Director for Operations (1953-1961), Office of Far Eastern Operations, Entry 422, Korea Subject Files, 1953-1959, 1955, Program, Box 40, Program, 1955", RG 469, ~ (1955)
- "Office of Far Eastern Operations, Far East Program Staff, Entry 450, Box 5, Korea BOB Submission", RG 469, ~
- "Office of the Deputy Director for Operations(1953-1961), Office of Far Eastern Operations, Entry 422, Korea Subject Files, 1953-1959, 1956, Program: Controller-Report: Macy, Box 62, Korea-Program-Long Term, 1956", RG 469, ~
- "Office of the Deputy Director for Operations(1953-1961), Office of Far Eastern Operations, Entry 422, Korea Subject Files, 1953-1959, 1956, Program: Controller-Report: Macy, Box 62, Korea-Program-Long Term, 1956", RG 469, ~ (1956)
- "Office of Far Eastern Operations, Korea Division, Entry 479: Korea Division, Korea Program files, 1953-1957, Box 8", RG 469, ~
- "84.2 Records of Diplomatic Posts, 1788-1962, Korea, Seoul Embassy, Entry 2846A, Classified General Records, 1959, Box 13", RG 84, ~
- "Korea-Seoul Embassy―Classified General Records, 1962, Entry #2846A, Box 28", RG 84, ~
- "부흥월보", ~
- "경제조사월보", ~
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