11세기 후반 『釋摩訶衍論』의 동아시아 유통과 영향

Abstract

Buddhist texts were actively exchanged in the late 11th century among East Asian countries of East Asia. This active exchange was a consequence of completion of Daejang gyeong(大藏經 tripitaka) in the Liao dynasty(遼) and the publication of scriptures led by Uicheon(義天) of Goryeo(高麗). It was Liao dynasty and Goryeo rather than Song dynasty that played a leading role in the exchange of the Buddhist texts in this age. The Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana(釋摩訶衍論 The Shi moheyan lun) was a representative Buddhist publication that showed the exchanges among East Asian countries. This book is supposed to have been published in Silla(新羅) or Tang dynasty(唐) in the mid-8th century. After including the Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana into the Daejang gyeong in the Liao dynasty in 1062, this book was placed in the center of Buddhism. Its main reason was that Emperor Daozong(道宗) was interested in this book, and let monks publish commentary. The Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana and its commentary, published by Shuizhen(守臻), Fawu(法悟), and Zhifu(志福) in 1070s, ㅈwas introduced to Goryeo, and these books were included in the Sinpyeon jejong gyojang chongnok(新編諸宗教藏總錄 The Newly Compiled Comprehensive Record of the Canonical Works of the Various Schools) as a commentary of the Awakening of Mahayana Faith(大乘起信論 The Daeseung gisillon). On the other hand, Uicheon published the Junggyo Shi moheyan lun(重校釋摩訶衍論 The Double-proofread Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana), and introduced this to the Song dynasty. In addition, Uicheon published the commentary of Zhifu and Fawu in 1099, and introduced these books to the Song dynasty and Japan. This study intends to analyze main two reasons why the Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana was newly spotlighted by the Buddhist circles of the Liao dynasty, Song dynasty, Goryeo and Japan in the late 11th century. First, the Buddhist circles of the Liao dynasty, Song dynasty, and Goryeo strongly tended to study the Awakening of Mahayana Faith regardless of religious sects. Second, the Buddhist circles of those countries had a strong esoteric characteristic. In addition, this study analyzes the distribution and influence of the Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana and publication of its commentaries on the Buddhist circles of the Liao dynasty, Song dynasty, Goryeo and Japan. Buddhists of the Liao dynasty learned the Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana regardless of their religious sects, and significantly quoted them in their books. Puguan(普觀) of the Song dynasty wrote a commentary which was quoted by Liao Daejang gyeong edition(遼本), Yan edition(燕本), Goryeo edition(麗本), and was actively quoted by Buddhist monks. The Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana, recognized as a commentary of the Awakening of Mahayana Faith, included in the The Secondly-engraved Goryeo Buddhist Tripitaka(高麗再雕大藏經 Goryeo Jaejo Daejang gyeong), and it was quoted in Bohwan(普幻)‘s Sureung-eomgyeong hwanhae sanbogi (首楞嚴經環解刪補記). In addition, many commentaries of the Explanation of the Treatise on Mahayana were published in Japan.