고려시대 普濟寺(演福寺)의 佛事와 성격 변화

Abstract

This paper examines how a temple space has changed with the times, through Buddhist events held at Bojae-sa(普濟寺, = Yeonbok-sa演福寺) Temple in the Goryeo Dynasty. Bojae-sa(Yeonbok-sa) Temple was located in the middle of Gaeseong(開城) province and was one of ten temples that King Taejo(太祖) held after his foundation. Before the period of Yuan(元)’s intervention, this temple was the place where the king often visited. And it was one of the central temples of Zen, where many Zen monks stayed. Damseon-beobhoe(談禪法會, Zen meeting) was held in every three years. Obaek-nahan-jae(五百羅漢齋, Five hundred Arhat Ritual) or rain calling rituals were held when disaster struck the country. There is no clear record, but it is highly likely that the Suryuk-jae(水陸齋, Ritual for the Beings of Water and Land) was held because there was the building named Suryuk-dang(水陸堂). The size of the temple was so large that it was nicknamed Dae-sa(大寺, Big temple) at the end of Goryeo Dynasty, and repairs and renovations were made several times. However, in the period of Yuan’s intervention, the nature of such Bojae-sa(Yeonbok-sa) Temple changed greatly. Before the period of Yuan’s intervention, rituals were held to pray for the victory of foreign invaders including Mongol, but from the time of King Chungnyeol(忠烈王)’s reign, the rite was held to pray for the longevity of Khubilai khan of the Yuan Dynasty. Afterwards, this temple then increased its affinity with the imperial family of the Yuan Dynasty and became the window into which the high culture of the Yuan Dynasty came in. During the reign of King Gongmin(恭愍王), the character of Yeonbok-sa Temple changed once again. It was recognized as an important temple of feng shui. The renovation of the Yeonbok-sa pagoda, which was attacked by the Confucian scholars as inappropriate, was also carried out because of its feng shui importance. Yeonbok-sa Temple has long been mentioned as a representative temple and landmark in Gaegyeong(開京).