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SNS 이용자들의 유명인 이용 동기와 사회정체성 형성

Celebrity Use Motivation and the Formation of Social Identity among SNS Users

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참고문헌

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 SNS의 유명인이 대중들의 집합적 행위에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해, SNS에서 대중의 유명인 이용 동기와 사회정체성의 형성에 대해 알아보았다. 이 연구를 위하여 16세에서 60세 사이의 표본을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 SNS에서 유명인 네트워크에 소속된 응답자 384명을 분석 대상으로 하였다. 그 결과 첫째, SNS에서 대중들의 유명인 이용 동기는 표현적 동기와 정보적 동기로 구분되었다. 표현적 동기는 구성원들의 사회정체성의 모든 구성요소에 정적인 영향을 주고 있었지만. 정보적 동기는 동일시와 자기범주화에만 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유명인 유형을 정책결정자, 오피니언리더, 연예인으로 구분하여 사회정체성 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 모든 유명인 유형에서 표현적 동기는 사회정체성에 영향을 미치며, 특히 오피니언리더는 정보적 동기가 구성원들의 사회정체성 형성에 유의미한 영향 요소로 나타났다. 이는 SNS에서 대중의 유명인 이용 동기가 일상생활의 상담자나 조언자와 같은 역할로 확장되고 있음을 보여주지만, 오피니언리더 집단에의 소속은 자부심이나 자긍심과 같이 긍정적 정체성 부여와는 아무런 영향력이 없는 것으로 나타나 지속적인 집단 결속의 유지와 집단적 행위로의 가능성은 한계가 있을 것으로 예측된다.

Abstract

Celebrities on SNS form wide range of network while directly interacting with the masses. In doing so, their effects go beyond the realm of online reaching offlineand even affectvoting or civil participation behaviors. In order to explain the effect celebrities on SNS have on collective behavior of the masses, two aspects are to be dealt with. First, the motivation behind the celebrity use on a new media environment, SNS shall be understood. Second, the formation of social identity promoting individuals to identity with collective beliefs and values instead of individual ones needs to be addressed. On SNS, with the progress in the way celebrities and the masses interacts brought changes in the way celebrities are produced. We are witnessing more cases where an individual with limited offline mass recognition gaining popular fame through SNS. It can be argued that this is where an expansion of mass demand for celebrities occurs. Accordingly, this research seeks to analyze use motivation and the formation of social identity by the type of celebrities. The sample of this research comprises of nationally representative individuals between the age of 16 and 60, and they were surveyed online. 384 out of 789 respondents who have online relationship with celebrities 158 on SNS are analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the motivations behind the masses using celebrities online are categorized into expressive and informational motivations. Expressive motivation supports previous literatures stressing the social function of celebrities to be providing social belonging and the space where individuals preserve their positive identities. On the other hand, informational motivation refers to using celebrities as a channel for acquiring information of their interest or forming an interest group. Though informational motivation has positive influence on social identity, self-esteem, one of its sub constituents showed no relations. Second, the effect the use motivation for three types of celebrities (policy decision group, opinion leaders, and entertainer group) has on social identity formation is addressed. In all three types, expressive motivation is shown to have significant influence on social identity. However, only among opinion leader group followers, informational motivation had significant effect on the formation of social identity among members. The mass demand for opinion leaders, a new type of celebrities born of the rise in SNS environment, can be argued to be different from that of more traditional celebrities. In short, masses expect the role of life-coaching to these new celebrities. The social identity formed through informational motivation however only affects group identification or categorization while having no significant relation with self-esteem responsible for assigning positive identity to an individual. It can be said that informational motivation has limited influence on the continuous sense of belonging to a group or collective behaviors.

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