춘추 燕의 도성 천도와 의미

Abstract

The capital of the State of Yan in the Chinqiu Era was Linyi(臨易), the present Nanyang(南陽) ruins of Rongcheng-Xian(容城縣), Hebei-Sheng(河北省). The capital was transferred to the location during the reign of the 16th Lord of Yan, Huanhou(桓侯). It was assumed that it remained the capital until the reign of the 29th Lord of Yan, Jiangong(簡公). But it is not possible to rule out the possibility of a transfer of the capital to another area in the middle of two periods. Guxiancun(古賢村), 3 kilometers distant from the ruins, was assumed to be Yi(易), which had been the transferred capital during the reign the 36th Lord of Yan, Wengong(文公), in the Era of Zhanguo(戰國). At present, it is not possible to know exactly whether the capital had been at the location of the ruins or transferred to other areas some time between the periods of Jiangong and Wengong. In these periods, it was assumed that the State of Yan transferred its capital several times after Linyi(臨易). From the location of the remains of Liulihe(琉璃河) to Linyi(臨易) [the Nan yang(南陽) ruins], then to some unknown location followed by the transfer to (Lin)Yi ((臨)易) [Guxiancun(古賢村)]. However, the alleged transfer to Jicheng(薊城) argued by Chinese scholars must have been possible only in the Era of Zhanguo. Therefore it is thought that the areas under Yan's influence did not include the northern region of Yongdinghe(永定河). In those periods, the several powers of Shanrong(山戎) to the north and the power of Baidi (白狄) to the east side of Taihangshan(太行山) surrounded the State of Yan. The existence of the several powers surrounding Yan suggests the possibility of a disconnection in the relationship Yan had with the Xizhou(西周) dynasty. The existence and prosperity of the mentioned powers show that Yan would not have been able to maintain stable power in the Beijing Area in the Early Era of Xizhou(西周). In addition, it can be understood that the capitals of Yan had to be transferred due to the frequent invasions by several northern powers. Consequently, it may be considered that the scope of Yan's power did not reach over the Yongdinghe(永定河) area, and that it was limited to the Jumahe(拒馬河) and Rongcheng(容城) areas. It may also be assumed that the scope of Yan's main power covered only the areas of Linyi(臨易), Yanxiadu(燕下都) and Jumahe(拒馬河).