五胡時期 關中燕人의 '復燕'과 그 性格 - 慕容西燕의 건국과 그 역사적 의미에 대한 고찰

Abstract

I have found that Guanzhong Yan people established Murong Xi Yan through the Restore Yan movement, and the historical meaning is inherent to the movement. This paper concludes: (1) The original Qian Yan emperor, Murong Wei, supported his brother, Murong Hong, who participated in the Restore Yan movement with his uncle Murong Chui. Murong Wei chose Murong Hong as crown prince to inherit his position as emperor, to be followed by Murong Chong. The Qian Qin emperor,Fu Jian, took Murong Wei hostage, but while in captivity Murong Wei made plans to kill Fu Jian and escape to Murong Chong. However, the plans were discovered, and Fu Jian had Murong Wei killed. Later, when Murong Chong learned of Murong Wei’s death, he immediately proclaimed himself emperor. Through this, I contend that Murong Chong inherited Murong Wei’s authority and legitimacy. (2) Murong Hong and Murong Chong participated in the Restore Yan movement at Guanzhong area one after another. They believed the original Qian Yan emperor to be Murong Wei, and recommended him as the emperor in a new dynasty. In particular, Murong Hong gave Fu Jian a letter, in which we find a particular tenacity of purpose in the Restore Yan movement. Moreover, such tenacity was passed on to his brother, Murong Chong. So, as Murong Wei’s crown prince, how would they participate in the Restore Yan movement? This movement nodoubt led to a struggle against Qian Qin, ending in military conflict. For example, Murong Chong occupied Afang palace which psychologically stressed Fu Jian. When Murong Chong heard of Murong Wei’s death, he immediately promoted himself to emperor and established the Xi Yan dynasty. In addition, he occupied the capital of Qian Qin, Changan, and was planning to develop from there. Through these points, we can understand the characteristics of the early Xi Yan dynasty. (3) Murong Chong legally rose to the status of emperor. Moreover,even Murong Chui, who competed for Qian Yan’s legitimacy with him,accepted him as emperor. Therefore, it must be that the Xi Yan dynasty is the successor of the Qian Yan dynasty. The throne lineage of the Qian Yan dynasty, then, would be Murong Huang-Murong Jun-Murong Wei-Murong Chong. Next, Murong Chong, who occupied Changan but never received theGuanzhong Yan people’s support, was killed. The only option then for Guanzhong Yan people was returning to Qian Yan’s territory. Among those returning there as Xi Yan emperor were Duan Sui,Murong Yi, Murong Wang, and Murong Zhong. However, they were all successively appointed and killed by Murong’s imperial clan within four months. It is understood that Murong Yong was the last winner in the power struggle of the Xi Yan dynasty, but his authority and rank in the Murong imperial clan was very weak. During this time, Murong Chui,the Hou Yan emperor, wanted to regain Murong Wei’s authority and legitimacy which Murong Chong had taken. Therefore, many years later, Murong Chui decided to conquer Xi Yan in spite of opposition from his generals. It was then unavoidable that Murong Yong, who was based in Zhangzi, in Shangdang County, was forced to battle Murong Chui and the Hou Yan dynasty. In order to protect his dynasty’s rear,Murong Yong attacked the Guanzhong area. In order to increase friendly relations with the Zhai Wei dynasty,which had hostile relations with the Hou Yan dynasty, Murong Yong again attacked a neighboring area to put pressure on the Hou Yan dynasty, this time the Zhongyuan area. Finally, Liu Xian and Xu Qian,rebels against the Hou Yan dynasty, chose to surrender to the Xi Yan dynasty in order to align themselves against the Hou Yan dynasty. Through these moves, we can understand the characteristics of the late Xi Yan dynasty. After defeating Murong Yong in battle, Murong Chui occupied Zhangzi, which was the capital of the Xi Yan dynasty, and then captured Murong Yong in 394. He criticized Murong Yong for misleadingly proclaiming himself as emperor to the people and killed him. At the same time, he put Murong Yong’s corpse on display to be seen by the masses. From this, we can understand why Murong Chui attacked the Xi Yan dynasty and through it restored the authority of the Qian Yan dynasty.