1900년대 동아시아의 『越南亡國史』 유통과 수용- 한국, 중국, 월남을 중심으로 -

Abstract

History of the Fall of Vietnam was commonly written in Japan by Yang Gye Cho(Liang Qichao) of China, a political refugee to Japan and Phan Hoi Chau of Vietnam, a political refugee to Japan, and published in November, 1905 in Shanghai. It accused the process of the invasion of France and the fall of Vietnam, and exposed to the world the threat of the western empires against Asia. After its publication, it was widely circulated and read in 1900's in Vietnam, as well as in the East Asian countries of China, Korea and Japan. Five editions were issued from 1905 to 1911 in China, and then more of the various editions were issued and distributed several times. In Vietnam, though it was under the French regime, the book was secretly circulated and read in copies, and were utilized as a promulgating material of the anti-France revolution as one of the guidances for the national campaign. In Korea the History of the Fall of Vietnam was also widely read. As many of three Korean versions were published in Hyunchae translation in November 1906, Ju Shi Kyung translation in November 1907 and Lee Sang translation in December 1907. One of the elements that the book caught attention simultaneously in Korea, China and Vietnam was the influence of the co-author, Liang Qichao. The book was rapidly accepted in these three countries because the people of those three countries were taking his reformism as a new idea for transformation of the society. Another element seems to be that China and Korea must have been endeavoring to make good use of the Vietnamese case for an instrument to cope with the crisis of losing their own countries. The way of accepting the book however was not the same among the three countries. Liang Qichao's original was circulated and accepted in China, of which issuance of up to the 5th edition in 6 years until 1911 shows its big influence to the Chinese people. Whenever the national crisis increased at that time, China used to publish the collapsing histories of other countries to let the people share the feeling of the crisis. Re-edition of the “History of the Fall of Vietnam” contributed to enhancing Chinese people's sense of nation, and also served as a source of a new culture, causing the birth of the 20 century's reformed play of the “History of the Fall of Vietnam”. In Vietnam as well, the Liang Qichao's original was circulated and accepted, but in secrecy under the colonial regime of France. The book was used as a material for the national education, a guidance for anti-colonial movement, and even a maesn for the propaganda to reveal the despotic colonial rule of France and to agitate public opinion. It was distinctive in Korea that the original was interpreted in Korean way, to be translated into and issued as an another version of the “Fall of Vietnam” which was not the same as the former. Hyunchae's translation version, for instance, a part of Liang Qichao's “Brief History of the Fall of Chosun” was inserted, and was published under the name of the “History of the fall of Vietnam - Addendum, New theory on a Disappearing Country”, which played a role to invigorate the anxiety of saving the country. Analyzing the fact that China, Korea and Vietnam of the East Asia in 1900's shared the experience of losing the country, and that they newly interpreted and accepted the “History of the Fall of Vietnam” according to the situation of each Country, shows us the real image of the knowledge exchange in the late 1900's.